1.1 本指南涵盖了环境数据生成活动采样方面的规划和实施。环境数据生成工作包括四个部分:( 1. )建立数据质量目标（DQOs）；( 2. )现场采样和测量策略的设计以及实验室分析和数据接受标准的规范；( 3. )采样和分析策略的实施；和( 4. )数据质量评估。 1.2 本指南定义了必须考虑的标准，以确保环境数据和样本生成活动的现场方面的质量。 1.3 在应用本指南之前，应采用DQOs。根据本指南生成的数据将接受最终评估，以确定是否满足DQOs。例如，许多筛选活动不需要本指南中的所有质量保证（QA）和质量控制（QC）步骤来生成足以满足项目需求的数据。必须满足所有要求的程度仍然是一个技术判断问题，因为它与已建立的DQOs有关。 1.4 本指南提出了广泛的管理要求，旨在确保高质量的样本和数据。 措辞“必须”、“应当”、“可以”和“应该”经过仔细选择，以反映对本指南中许多陈述的重视。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 制定监管和规划决策通常需要环境数据。这些数据必须具有与其预期用途相称的已知质量。 5.2 为了实现水监测活动的目标，现场组织必须满足某些最低标准。 5.3 本指南定义了组织采集水样和生成环境数据的标准，并确定了基于DQOs可能需要的其他活动。 5.4 本指南强调了在建立DQOs、规划和实施环境数据生成活动的采样和分析方面以及评估数据质量的人员之间进行沟通的重要性。

1.1 This guide covers planning and implementation of the sampling aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data generation efforts are comprised of four parts: ( 1 ) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); ( 2 ) design of field sampling and measurement strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; ( 3 ) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and ( 4 ) data quality assessment. 1.2 This guide defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field aspects of environmental data and sample generation activities. 1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to the application of this guide. The data generated in accordance with this guide are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this guide to generate data adequate to meet the project needs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs. 1.4 This guide presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality samples and data. The words “must,” “shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this guide. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use. 5.2 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field organizations in order to meet the objectives of the water monitoring activities. 5.3 This guide defines the criteria for organizations taking water samples and generating environmental data and identifies other activities that may be required based on the DQOs. 5.4 This guide emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing the DQOs, planning, and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.