软化水有助于缓解由此带来的问题 通过硬水，如阻止清洗 热水管道和管道中的工艺和结垢 加热器。本文总结了基本原理 软化的几个方面，并解释了改善的效果 使用种子晶体的过程。 非均相成核，指沉淀 在种子等成核剂的表面 晶体，降低了晶体的自由能 沉淀水软化过程。决定 表面积大小的重要性 通过成核剂，作者添加了不同的- 将碳酸钙晶种大小调整为各种尺寸 苛性碱沉淀软化过程中的硬水 苏打汽水正如这些结果所表明的，表面 种子晶体的面积，而不是总质量， 证明了软化过程优化的关键因素 过程包括35个参考文献、表格和图表。

Water softening can help alleviate problems caused by hard water, such as hindering of laundering processes and scale buildup in hot water pipes and heaters. This article summarizes the fundamental aspects of softening and explains the effect of improving the process with the use of seed crystals. Heterogenous nucleation, which refers to precipitation on the surface of nucleating agents such as seed crystals, lowers the free energy of crystallization in precipitative water softening processes. To determine the importance of the amount of surface area provided by the nucleating agent, the authors added different- sized calcium carbonate seed crystals to various hard waters during precipitative softening with caustic soda. As these results demonstrated, the surface area of the seed crystals, rather than the total mass, proved the key factor in the optimization of the softening process. Includes 35 references, tables, figures.