1.1 本试验方法包括测量足够长的天然和人造单纤维的拉伸性能，以允许在拉伸试验机中安装试样。 1.2 本试验方法也适用于连续（长丝）和不连续（短纤维）纤维或取自纱线或丝束的长丝。当待测试的纤维含有卷曲时，或者如果丝束或纱线已经历膨胀、卷曲或变形过程，则在去除卷曲后确定拉伸性能。 注1: 本试验方法中包括的从纱线或丝束中提取的长丝的试验最初包含在试验方法中 D2101 ，即已停止。 1.3 在本试验方法中，“纤维”和“灯丝”可互换使用。 1.4 本试验方法也适用于从纱线中去除的纤维，或从进一步加工成织物的纱线中去除的纤维。 应认识到，纱线和制造工艺会影响或改变纤维的拉伸性能。因此，从纱线或已加工成织物的纱线中提取的纤维的拉伸性能可能不同于在进行纱线或织物制造工艺之前相同纤维的拉伸性能。 1.5 本试验方法为测量单根纺织纤维的断裂力和断裂伸长率以及计算断裂韧性、初始模量、弦模量、切线模量、规定伸长率下的拉伸应力和断裂韧性提供了指导。 1.6 包括测量经处理和湿单纤维拉伸性能的程序。该测试方法适用于各种条件下的测试。 1.7 随着试样长度的减少，抗拉强度可能会增加，但测定的抗拉性能的准确性可能会降低，这可能需要增加试样数量。这对于那些依赖于伸长率测量的特性尤其如此，因为较短的长度增加了试样在任一夹具钳口内滑动和拉伸的相对影响。 1.8 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值不一定是精确的等价物；因此，为确保符合本标准，每个系统应独立使用，且两个系统的值不得组合。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 试验方法 D3822 使用标距长度为10 mm[0.4 in]的试样由于该测试方法已在验收测试行业中广泛使用，因此对于商业装运的验收测试而言，其合格率为1.5%或更高。 注意到的关键差异 表1和 2. 在标距长度为25 mm[1.0 in]的人造纤维上获得和250毫米[10英寸]。天然纤维或具有较小或较大标距长度的纤维可能提供不同的值，并且可能需要进行比较测试。（参见 5.1.1 .) （A） 使用以下公式计算临界差异: t =1.960，基于无限自由度。 （A） 使用以下公式计算临界差异: t =1.960，基于无限自由度 5.1.1 如果因使用试验方法时报告的试验结果的差异而产生争议 D3822 对于商业装运的验收测试，买方和供应商应进行比较测试，以确定其实验室之间是否存在统计偏差。建议为调查偏差提供称职的统计协助。 作为最低要求，双方应尽可能均匀地从大量相关类型的材料中选取一组试样。然后，应将试样以相同数量随机分配给每个实验室进行测试。两个实验室的平均结果应在测试开始前使用Student t检验对未配对数据和双方选择的可接受概率水平进行比较。如果发现偏差，必须找到并纠正其原因，或者买方和供应商必须同意根据测试结果解释该材料的未来测试结果，并考虑到已知偏差。 5.2 根据断裂力和线密度计算的断裂韧性和伸长率是基本特性，广泛用于限制纤维加工或转换及其末端- 使用应用程序。初始模量是在低于屈服点的力下，纤维对拉伸的阻力的度量。指定伸长率下的切线模量和拉伸应力可用于区分纤维的加工性能和最终使用性能。断裂韧性是纤维材料耐久性的指标。 5.3 人们认识到，计算机化结果在行业中广泛使用。当使用计算机化拉伸试验机比较两个实验室的结果时，必须检查用于推导结果的算法的奇偶性，即如何确定最大斜率和试样失效或断裂。 5.4 在空气中测试的湿纤维的断裂强度可能不同于浸泡时测试的湿纤维。 5.4.1 湿试样的测试通常仅针对在潮湿或暴露于高湿度下时断裂力损失的纤维，例如，由动物纤维和基于再生和改性纤维素的人造纤维制成的纱线。对亚麻纤维进行了湿法测试，以检测掺假，但未显示断裂力增加。

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine. 1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp. Note 1: Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D2101 , that is discontinued. 1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchangeably throughout this test method. 1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes. 1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness. 1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions. 1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. This is particularly true for those properties dependent on the measurement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens within the jaws of either clamp. 1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1 .) (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom. (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom 5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D3822 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material in view of test results with consideration to the known bias. 5.2 The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on fiber processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the fiber to extension at forces below the yield point. The tangent modulus and tensile stress at specified elongation may be used to differentiate between the probable performance of fibers in processing and end-use performance. The breaking toughness is an indication of the durability of materials produced from the fiber. 5.3 It is recognized that computerized results are used extensively in the industry. When comparing results from two laboratories using computerized tensile testers, the algorithms used to derive results must be examined for parity, that is, how the maximum slope and specimen failure or rupture are determined. 5.4 The breaking strength of wet fibers tested in air may be different from wet fibers tested while immersed. 5.4.1 Tests on wet specimens are usually made only on fibers which show a loss in breaking force when wet or when exposed to high humidity, for example, yarns made from animal fibers and man-made fibers based on regenerated and modified cellulose. Wet tests are made on flax fiber to detect adulteration by failure to show a gain in breaking force.