关于加热、通风、空调和制冷设备故障检测与诊断（FDD）方法发展的研究已经进行了十多年，并发表了几篇论文。然而，尽管大型冷水机组非常重要，但专门与之相关的研究却很少。本文的目的是为中大型冷水机组提出并说明一种简单的基于模型的FDD方法，该方法使用大多数冷却装置中可用的传感器，允许调整特定阈值，以便在鲁棒性和灵敏度之间达到预期的折衷，并有可能实现自动化和在线实施。由于缺乏在无故障和故障运行情况下运行的冷水机组的实际现场数据，在早期研究的框架内，通过实验室冷水机组试验产生的数据证明了所提出的FDD方法的性能。 提出的FDD方案基于五个重要特征（已从评估的15个变量中识别），允许识别六个过程故障（尽管两个故障不能唯一完成）。由于大型冷水机组不像单一设备那样预先包装，其设计和组装允许为规定的最大制冷量选择不同的子系统。在这种情况下，FDD所需的特定变量的选择将受到不同故障的影响，这取决于冷水机组安装的几个方面:冷水机组负载控制的类型（恒温膨胀阀或进口导叶）、相对热交换器尺寸的具体选择，以及冷水机组通常运行的负载分数。因此，可能需要进行一些定制，以适应每个冷水机组安装的FDD阈值和关联规则。 文中讨论了与所提出的FDD方法的实际实施相关的不同选择和挑战。单位:SICitation:ASHRAE Transactions，第113卷，pt。2.

Research into the development of fault detection anddiagnosis (FDD) methods as applied to heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating equipment has been ongoing for over a decade, and several papers have been published. However, studies specifically related to large chillers have been few despite the importance of such equipment. The objective of this paper is to propose and illustrate a simple model-based FDD method for medium to large chillers that uses sensors available in most cooling plants, allows tuning of specific thresholds so as to attain the desired compromise between robustness and sensitivity, and has the potential to be automated and implemented online. Lacking actual field data of chillers operated under fault-free and faulty operation, the performance of the proposed FDD method is demonstrated with data generated from tests on alaboratory chiller in the framework of an earlier research study. This proposed FDD scheme is based on five important characteristic features (that have been identified from 15 variables evaluated) that allow six process faults to be identified (although two cannot be done uniquely). Since large chillers are not prepackaged as is unitary equipment, their design and assembly allow selecting different subsystems for a stipulated maximum cooling capacity. In such a case, selection of specific variables needed for FDD will be impacted by different faults, depending on several aspects unique to the chiller installation: the type of chiller load control (thermostatic expansion valve or inlet guide vane), specific choice of the relative heat exchanger size, and the load fraction at which the chiller is usually operated. Hence, it is likely that some customization would be needed to adapt the FDD thresholds and association rules for each chiller installation. Different options and challenges relevant to practical implementation of the proposed FDD method are discussed.Units: SI