1.1 环境数据生成工作由四部分组成:( 1. )建立数据质量目标（DQOs）；( 2. )现场测量和采样策略的设计以及实验室分析和数据接受标准的规范；( 3. )采样和分析策略的实施；和( 4. )数据质量评估。本规程涉及环境数据生成活动的采样和分析方面的规划和实施（第( 1. )和( 2. )同上）。 1.2 本实践定义了必须考虑的标准，以确保环境数据生成活动的现场和分析方面的质量。环境数据包括但不限于空气、土壤、水、生物群、废物或其任何组合的样品分析结果。 1.3 在应用本实践之前，应采用包含目标、政策、程序、组织责任、评估和报告要求以及质量管理体系其他属性（包括DQOs声明）的质量保证项目计划（QAPP）。 根据本规程生成的数据将接受最终评估，以确定是否通过应用质量控制（QC）程序来满足DQOs，该程序生成的数据在科学上对数据的预期目的有效。例如，许多筛选活动不需要本实践中发现的所有强制性质量保证（QA）和质量控制（QC）步骤来生成足以满足项目DQOs的数据。必须满足所有要求的程度仍然是一个技术判断问题，因为它与已建立的DQOs有关。 1.4 这种做法提出了广泛的管理要求，旨在确保高质量的环境数据。措辞“必须”、“应该”、“可以”和“应该”是经过仔细挑选的，以反映对本实践中许多陈述的重视。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 制定监管和规划决策通常需要环境数据。这些数据必须具有与其预期用途相称的已知质量。 5.2 数据生成工作涉及以下方面:建立DQOs；设计满足DQOs的项目计划；项目计划的实施；并对数据进行评估，以确定是否满足DQOs。 5.3 生成环境数据的现场和实验室组织必须满足某些最低标准。根据数据收集工作的DQOs，可能需要额外的活动。 5.4 本规程定义了生成环境数据的现场和实验室组织的标准，并确定了基于DQOs可能需要的一些其他活动。 5.5 本实践强调了在建立DQOs、规划和实施环境数据生成活动的采样和分析方面以及评估数据质量的人员之间进行沟通的重要性。 5.6 第节讨论了环境现场操作 7. ，并在第节中讨论了环境实验室的操作 8. .

1.1 Environmental data generation efforts are composed of four parts: ( 1 ) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); ( 2 ) design of field measurement and sampling strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; ( 3 ) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and ( 4 ) data quality assessment. This practice addresses the planning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities (Parts ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) above). 1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field and analytical aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data include, but are not limited to, the results from analyses of samples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinations thereof. 1.3 Adoption of a quality assurance project plan (QAPP) containing the goals, policies, procedures, organizational responsibilities, evaluation and reporting requirements, and other attributes of a quality management system including statement of DQOs should be adopted prior to application of this practice. Data generated in accordance with this practice are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met through application of quality control (QC) procedures that produce data that are scientifically valid for the purposes to which the data are intended. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the mandatory quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this practice to generate data adequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs. 1.4 This practice presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words “must,” “shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this practice. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use. 5.2 Data generation efforts involve the following: establishment of the DQOs; design of the project plan to meet the DQOs; implementation of the project plan; and assessment of the data to determine whether the DQOs have been met. 5.3 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data. Additional activities may be required, based on the DQOs of the data collection effort. 5.4 This practice defines the criteria for field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data and identifies some other activities that may be required based on the DQOs. 5.5 This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing DQOs, planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality. 5.6 Environmental field operations are discussed in Section 7 , and environmental laboratory operations are discussed in Section 8 .