1.1 本指南以MIL-STD-1916为基础，建立批次或批次和连续取样计划。它代表了属性抽样（MIL-STD-105E，与实践相同 E2234 ）、变量采样（MIL-STD-414，实践 E2762 ）和连续取样（MIL-STD-1235B，实践 E2819 ). 1.2 本指南以ASTM格式提供了MIL-STD-1916的抽样计划，供ASTM委员会和其他机构使用。它认可MIL-STD-1916在ASTM支持的行业中的持续使用。MIL-STD-1916中的大部分原文分段保存 3– 6 本指南的。将MIL-STD-1916中“政府”的原始措辞改为“消费者”，将“承包商”改为“生产者”，使本标准更加通用。 1.3 目的- 鼓励向消费者提供商品和服务的生产者提交高效和有效的过程控制（预防）程序，以取代规定的抽样要求。目标是支持从基于AQL的检查（检测）策略转向实施有效的基于预防的策略，包括全面的质量体系、持续改进和与消费者的合作伙伴关系。潜在的主题是消费者和生产者之间的伙伴关系，双方都有必要的能力，以及能够始终如一地提供高质量产品和服务的流程的明显互利。目标是创造一种氛围，在这种氛围中，每一次不合规都是采取纠正措施和改进的机会，而不是将可接受的质量水平作为合同上的充分目标。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 采购实践鼓励行业创新，并提供灵活性以实现持续改进的好处。 4.2 有一种不断发展的工业产品质量理念，它认识到质量政策变化的必要性，这将为生产者提供机会和激励，以提高产品质量以及生产者和消费者之间的合作关系。 4.3 过程控制和统计控制方法是防止不合格、控制质量和生成改进信息的优选手段。有效的过程控制系统也可用于提供信息以评估提交验收的可交付成果的质量。鼓励生产商使用过程控制和统计控制程序进行内部控制，并向消费者提交有效的过程控制程序以代替规定的抽样要求以供批准。 4.4 抽样检查本身是一种低效的工业实践，用于证明符合合同及其技术数据包的要求。应用抽样计划进行验收涉及消费者和生产者两方面的风险；增加抽样是降低这些风险的一种方法，但也会增加成本。生产商可以通过采用具有适当过程控制的高效过程来降低风险。在采用此类实践且有效的情况下，风险得到控制，因此可以减少检查和测试。 4.5 以下几点为本标准提供了依据: 4.5.1 生产商需要提交符合要求的可交付成果，并生成和维护足够的符合性证据。 4.5.2 生产商负责建立自己的制造和过程控制，以按照要求生产结果。 4.5.3 生产商应使用公认的预防措施，如过程控制和统计技术。 4.6 本标准还提供了一套抽样计划和程序，用于计划和进行检验，以评估质量和是否符合合同要求。本标准消除了质量标准中的可接受质量水平(AQL)和相关实践。4.7 适用性- 当在合同、规范或采购订单中引用时，本标准适用于主要生产商，并应扩展到分包商或供应商设施。应按照合同文件中的规定应用质量计划，如果满足本标准的要求，可提交交付成果以供验收。 4.8 应用- 本标准中的质量计划和程序可在适当时用于评估是否符合以下要求: 4.8.1 结束项目， 4.8.2 元器件或基础材料， 4.8.3 运营或服务， 4.8.4 在制品、 4.8.5 库存物资、 4.8.6 维护操作， 4.8.7 数据或记录，以及 4.8.8 行政程序。 附注1: 本标准中“产品”一词的使用也指服务和其他可交付成果。4.9 产品要求- 生产商必须提交符合所有合同和规范要求的产品。本标准的质量计划或程序的应用并不免除生产者满足所有合同产品要求的责任。生产商的质量体系，包括制造过程和质量控制措施，将被建立和运行，以始终如一地生产符合所有要求的产品。合同中没有任何检验或过程控制要求并不免除生产商确保提交给消费者验收的所有产品或供应品符合合同所有要求的责任。 4.10 限制- 本标准的取样计划和程序不适用于破坏性试验或产品筛选不可行或不可取的情况。在这种情况下，将在合同或产品规格中规定使用的抽样计划。

1.1 This guide establishes lot or batch and continuous sampling plans using MIL-STD-1916 as a basis. It represents an alternative sampling approach to attributes sampling (MIL-STD-105E, same as Practice E2234 ), variables sampling (MIL-STD-414, Practice E2762 ), and continuous sampling (MIL-STD-1235B, Practice E2819 ). 1.2 This guide provides the sampling plans of MIL-STD-1916 in ASTM format for use by ASTM committees and others. It recognizes the continuing usage of MIL-STD-1916 in industries supported by ASTM. Most of the original text in MIL-STD-1916 is preserved in Sections 3 – 6 of this guide. The original wording of “Government” in MIL-STD-1916 has been changed to “consumer”, and “contractor” has been changed to “producer” to make this standard more generic. 1.3 Purpose— To encourage producers supplying goods and services to its consumers to submit efficient and effective process control (prevention) procedures in place of prescribed sampling requirements. The goal is to support the movement away from an AQL-based inspection (detection) strategy to implementation of an effective prevention-based strategy including a comprehensive quality system, continuous improvement and a partnership with the consumer. The underlying theme is a partnership between consumer and the producer, with the requisite competence of both parties, and a clear mutual benefit from processes capable of consistently high quality products and services. The objective is to create an atmosphere where every noncompliance is an opportunity for corrective action and improvement rather than one where acceptable quality levels are the contractually sufficient goals. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Procurement practices encourage industry innovation and provide flexibility to achieve the benefits of continuous improvement. 4.2 There is an evolving industrial product quality philosophy that recognizes the need for quality policy changes that will provide producers with opportunities and incentives toward improvement of product quality and cooperative relationships between the producer and the consumer. 4.3 Process controls and statistical control methods are the preferable means of preventing nonconformances, controlling quality, and generating information for improvement. An effective process control system may also be used to provide information to assess the quality of deliverables submitted for acceptance. Producers are encouraged to use process control and statistical control procedures for their internal control and to submit effective process control procedures in lieu of prescribed sampling requirements to the consumer for approval. 4.4 Sampling inspection by itself is an inefficient industrial practice for demonstrating conformance to the requirements of a contract and its technical data package. The application of sampling plans for acceptance involves both consumer and producer risks; and increased sampling is one way of reducing these risks, but it also increases costs. Producers can reduce risks by employing efficient processes with appropriate process controls. To the extent that such practices are employed and are effective, risk is controlled and, consequently, inspection and testing can be reduced. 4.5 The following points provide the basis for this standard: 4.5.1 Producers are required to submit deliverables that conform to requirements and to generate and maintain sufficient evidence of conformance. 4.5.2 Producers are responsible for establishing their own manufacturing and process controls to produce results in accordance with requirements. 4.5.3 Producers are expected to use recognized prevention practices such as process controls and statistical techniques. 4.6 This standard also provides a set of sampling plans and procedures for planning and conducting inspections to assess quality and conformance to contract requirements. This standard eliminates acceptable quality levels (AQL's) and associated practices within specifications. 4.7 Applicability— This standard, when referenced in the contract, specification, or purchase order, is applicable to the prime producer, and should be extended to subcontractors or vendor facilities. The quality plans are to be applied as specified in the contract documents, and deliverables may be submitted for acceptance if the requirements of this standard have been met. 4.8 Applications— Quality plans and procedures in this standard may be used when appropriate to assess conformance to requirements of the following: 4.8.1 End items, 4.8.2 Components or basic materials, 4.8.3 Operations or services, 4.8.4 Materials in process, 4.8.5 Supplies in storage, 4.8.6 Maintenance operations, 4.8.7 Data or records, and 4.8.8 Administrative procedures. Note 1: Use of the word “product” throughout this standard also refers to services and other deliverables. 4.9 Product Requirements— The producer is required to submit product that meets all contract and specification requirements. The application of the quality plans or procedures of this standard does not relieve the producer of responsibility for meeting all contract product requirements. The producer's quality system, including manufacturing processes and quality control measures, will be established and operated to consistently produce products that meet all requirements. Absence of any inspection or process control requirement in the contract does not relieve the producer of responsibility for assuring that all products or supplies submitted to the consumer for acceptance conform to all requirements of the contract. 4.10 Limitations— The sampling plans and procedures of this standard are not intended for use with destructive tests or where product screening is not feasible or desirable. In such cases, the sampling plans to be used will be specified in the contract or product specifications.