斯威特沃特管理局（SWA）拥有并运营罗伯特·A·珀杜水处理厂 工厂（WTP），一个30 mgd的常规过滤工厂，位于圣地亚哥县， 加利福尼亚本文记录了SWA二氧化氯中试试验的结果 （ClO₂）、溶解气浮（DAF）和浸没式微滤/超滤 （MF/UF）膜，开始于2004年初，作为一种可靠且成本效益高的治疗方法 满足未来消毒副产品（DBP）法规的策略。 珀杜水处理厂处理两种水源水，即当地地表水和甜水 储层（SWR）（平均总有机碳（TOC）=6.5 mg/L，溴含量高达0.5 mg/L）和圣迭戈县水务局（CWA）输水管道水（平均总有机碳= 2.5 mg/L，低溴）。SWA目前使用游离氯和钾 高锰酸盐（KMnO₄）注入原水，并在分配中使用氯胺 系统然而，过量三卤甲烷（THMs）的形成是一个潜在的问题 遵守第2阶段消毒副产品规则，使用Location 运行年平均值（LRAA）法。目前的测试项目之前有 中间臭氧强化混凝中试（30 mg/L氯化铁） 以及ClO₂和氯化铁剂量高达80 mg/L的实验室规模试验，结果如下: 本文还重点介绍了这些问题。 CWA负责第一阶段的DAF和MF/UF膜测试 Perdue水处理厂现场，使用CWA水渠水作为先导给水。以达夫为代表 在预处理过程中，两种浸没式膜系统都提供了可靠的水 流量超过每天每平方英尺30美国加仑（gfd）（每小时51升）时的质量 每平方米），回收率在95%左右，在需要之前至少30天 膜就地清洗（CIP）。 对于SWR水试验，全尺寸WTP进水正在用ClO₂at进行处理 剂量高达1.5 mg/L，亚氯酸盐是通过在一定温度下施用氯化亚铁（FeCl₂）来控制的 亚铁离子与绿泥石的比例为3.3:1。SWR水测试的前两周 DAF将预处理水作为给水输送至膜导向器，而以下六个 weeks使用全尺寸工厂的沉淀水作为膜给水进行比较 这两种预处理方案对膜操作的影响。膜通量 最初根据CWA水质测试结果设置，并优化为 提供至少30天的CIP间隔。ClO₂被评估为植物的主要成分 分配系统膜下游含有氯胺的消毒剂 残余物除了监测DAF和膜系统的性能， 模拟分配系统（SDS）测试是在一台计算机上对膜滤液进行的 每周评估消毒副产品（DBP）的形成。 ClO₂、DAF和浸没式膜的工艺组合代表了 对于寻求满足第2阶段DBP规则的机构而言，有希望的流程组合 含有高溴和高活性TOC的水源水。包括3个参考文献、图表。

Sweetwater Authority (SWA) owns and operates the Robert A. Perdue Water Treatment Plant (WTP), a 30 mgd conventional filtration plant located in San Diego County, California. This paper documents the results of SWA's pilot testing of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and submerged microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes, begun in early 2004, as a reliable and cost-effective treatment strategy for meeting future disinfection byproduct (DBP) regulations. The Perdue WTP treats two source waters, local surface water from Sweetwater Reservoir (SWR) (average total organic carbon (TOC) = 6.5 mg/L, bromide up to 0.5 mg/L) and San Diego County Water Authority (CWA) aqueduct water (average TOC = 2.5 mg/L, low bromide). SWA currently applies free chlorine and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) to the raw SWR water and uses chloramines in the distribution system. However, excessive trihalomethanes (THMs) formation is a potential concern for compliance with the Stage 2 Disinfection Byproducts Rule using the Locational Running Annual Average (LRAA) method. The current testing program was preceded by pilot testing of intermediate-ozone with enhanced coagulation (30 mg/L ferric chloride) and bench-scale testing of ClO₂ and ferric chloride doses up to 80 mg/L, results of which are also highlighted in this paper. CWA was responsible for the first phase of DAF and MF/UF membrane testing at the Perdue WTP site, using the CWA Aqueduct water as the pilot feedwater. With DAF as pretreatment, both of the submerged membrane systems tested provided reliable water quality at fluxes above 30 U.S. gallons per square foot per day (gfd) (51 liters per hour per square meter), with recoveries around 95%, for at least 30 days before the need for membrane clean-in-place (CIP). For the SWR water testing, the full-scale WTP influent is being treated with ClO₂ at doses up to 1.5 mg/L, and chlorite is controlled by applying ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) at a 3.3:1 ratio of ferrous ion to chlorite. The first two weeks of the SWR water testing used DAF pretreated water as the feedwater to the membrane pilots while the following six weeks used settled water from the full-scale plant as the membrane feedwater to compare the effects of these two pretreatment options on membrane operation. Membrane fluxes were set initially based on the results from the CWA water testing and optimized to provide a minimum 30 day CIP interval. ClO₂ was evaluated as the plant primary disinfectant with chloramines downstream of the membranes for distribution system residual. In addition to monitoring the performance of the DAF and membrane systems, simulated distribution system (SDS) testing was conducted on the membrane filtrate on a weekly basis to estimate disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. The process combination of ClO₂, DAF, and submerged membranes represents a promising process combination for agencies seeking to meet the Stage 2 DBP Rule with source waters with high bromide and highly reactive TOC. Includes 3 references, figures.