控制消毒副产物（DBPs）听起来似乎很简单，从游离氯变为氯胺，可能还需要臭氧来提供足够的CT。在氯胺化过程中也观察到一些已知的与氯化有关的DBP。因此，随着氯胺使用的增加，出现了三个关键问题:氯胺化过程中哪些因素影响DBP的形成？氯胺化过程中会形成哪些DBP？如何调整治疗以降低DBP浓度？为了解决上述问题，对奥斯汀湖、休斯顿湖和加利福尼亚州项目水等多种水源进行了广泛的处理条件评估。 这些水最初是在批量试验中进行的，旨在研究化学条件对DBP形成的影响。主要实验变量为pH值、氯氮比、溴浓度和48小时氯胺残留浓度。随后的分批实验考察了氨和氯添加期间混合强度对DBP形成的影响。这三个水域目前正在试点项目中进行进一步评估。本报告涵盖了批量水化学结果。 在批量测试中，主要监测水中的溶解有机卤素（DOX）和三卤甲烷（THM），以及六种卤乙酸（HAA6）、氯化氰和溴化物（CNX）以及目前未知的DBP。DOX提供了DBP总产量的指示，而THM提供了典型氯化DBP的指示。通过在水中添加Cl2:N比为3:1、5:1和7:1的预制氯胺，研究了化学条件的影响 1在pH值为6至10、氯胺残留量为1至4 mg/L的范围内。通过在选定的实验中添加0.5 mg/L溴来评估溴浓度的影响。

Controlling disinfection byproducts (DBPs) sounds deceptively simple, change from free chlorine to chloramines, possibly with ozone to provide adequate CT. Some known DBPs associated with chlorination also have been observed during chloramination. Thus, three key questions emerge as increased use of chloramines takes place: What factors influence DBP formation during chloramination? What DBPs are formed during chloramination? How can treatment be modified to lower DBP concentrations? To address the above questions several diverse water sources, Lake Austin, Lake Houston, and California State Project Water, were evaluated over a wide range of treatment conditions. The waters were tested initially in batch tests designed to study the impact of chemical conditions on DBP formation. Principal experimental variables were pH, chlorine to nitrogen ratio, bromide concentration and the 48-hour chloramine residual concentration. Subsequent batch experiments examined the effect of mixing intensity during ammonia and chlorine addition on DBP formation. The three waters are now undergoing further evaluation in a pilot testing program. This report covers the batch water chemistry results. In the batch testing, the waters were monitored primarily for dissolved organic halogen (DOX) and trihalomethanes (THMs), and to a lesser extent for six haloacetic acids (HAA6), cyanogen chloride and bromide (CNX), and currently unidentified DBPs. DOX provides an indication of total DBP production, while THMs provide an indication of typical chlorination DBPs. The effect of chemistry conditions was studied by dosing the waters with preformed chloramines at Cl2:N ratios of 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 over a pH range of 6 to 10 and a chloramine residual range of 1 to 4 mg/L. The impact of bromide concentration was evaluated by adding 0.5 mg/L bromide in selected experiments.