高氯酸盐阴离子（ClO4-）是地表水和地下水的一种污染物 在世界各地，主要是由于军事和工业活动。 高氯酸盐具有甲状腺活性，被用作治疗甲状腺疾病的药物 甲状腺机能亢进。高氯酸盐，作为高氯酸铵，是一种用于化学反应的强氧化剂 固体火箭燃料；因此，污染源通常发生在军事试验场附近 以及化学制造厂。在南方也发现了高氯酸盐 美国的肥料来自自然沉积物。同样地，一些高氯酸盐也被发现了 在未发生已知军事或工业活动的美国水域发现。 这些水平通常很低，传统的分析方法可能无法检测到 方法论最常用的方法是EPA 314，它有一个报告限制 4 mg/L。开发了一种利用液体的新分析方法 色谱-串联质谱（LC/MS/MS）准确测量 痕量（ng/L）的高氯酸盐阴离子。这项技术非常敏感，而且 选择性，结果方法报告限值为0.050 mg/L，仅10 mL 注射量。该技术还可以检测氯酸盐、碘酸盐和溴酸盐阴离子 同时具有相似的敏感性。使用这种新技术，几个表面， 对地面和瓶装水进行了分析。 在一些以前被认为没有水的水域 高氯酸盐污染，可检测浓度范围为0.050->0.300 mg/L 都被发现了。几瓶市售瓶装水正在测试中 30%含有可检测的高氯酸盐，浓度范围为0.050- 0.170 mg/L。此外，这些瓶装水中有许多在室温下被发现含有溴酸盐 浓度高达80 mg/L。对低浓度分析方法的需求非常重要 考虑到EPA草案中的高氯酸盐参考剂量为1 mg/L的重要性 饮用水。此外，更为敏感的分析工具提供了必要的数据 更详细的命运和交通信息。 对饮用水稍加改变 水法，这种分析方法也可用于测量组织中的高氯酸盐 样品。使用这种方法，可以确定高氯酸盐没有明显的毒性 生物浓缩在鱼类组织中，由此产生的生物浓缩因子总是较少 不止一个。这里描述的方法是稳健、快速的，并且只需要不到1毫升的水 样品体积，易于与动物组织等固体基质配合使用。包括26个参考文献和表格。

Perchlorate anion (ClO4-) is a contaminant of surface and groundwaters in locations throughout the world, primarily as a result of military and industrial activities. Perchlorate has known thyroid activity and has been used as a pharmaceutical to treat hyperthyroidism. Perchlorate, as ammonium perchlorate, is a powerful oxidant used in solid rocket fuels; hence, sources of contamination generally occur near military test sites and chemical manufacturing plants. Perchlorate has also been detected in South American based fertilizers due to natural deposits. Likewise, some perchlorate has been detected in US waters where no known military or industrial activity has taken place. Often these levels are quite low and may not be detectable by traditional analytical methodology. The most commonly used method is EPA 314, which has a reporting limit of 4 mg/L. A novel analytical method has been developed which utilizes liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to accurately measure trace (ng/L) levels of the perchlorate anion. This technique is extremely sensitive and selective with a resulting method reporting limit of 0.050 mg/L with only a 10 mL injection volume. This technique can also detect chlorate, iodate, and bromate anions simultaneously with similar sensitivities. Using this new technique, several surface, ground, and bottled waters were analyzed. In some waters previously thought to have no perchlorate contamination, detectable concentrations ranging from 0.050 - >0.300 mg/L were discovered. Several commercially available bottled waters were testing and over 30% contained detectable levels of perchlorate with concentrations ranging from 0.050 - 0.170 mg/L. Additionally, many of these bottled waters were found to contain bromate at levels as great as 80 mg/L. The need for low-level analytical methods is of significant importance considering the EPA draft reference dose for perchlorate of 1 mg/L for drinking water. Furthermore, more sensitive analytical tools provide data necessary for more detailed fate and transport information. Using a slight variation to the drinking water method, this analytical method can also be used for measuring perchlorate in tissue samples. Using this method, it was determined that perchlorate did not appreciably bioconcentrate in the tissues of fish, with resulting bioconcentration factors always less than one. The method described here is robust, rapid, and requires less than one mL of sample volume, and is easily adapted for using with solid matrices such as animal tissues. Includes 26 references, tables.