1.1 这些试验方法涵盖了在40℃以下的温度范围内测定石油产品的闪点 °C至370 °C，并在60℃的温度范围内测定生物柴油的闪点 °C至190 °C，通过自动彭斯基-马丁斯闭杯装置。 注1: 闪点测定值高于250 °C可以执行，但是，在该温度以上尚未确定精度。对于残余燃料，闪点高于100的精度尚未确定 °C。尚未确定在用润滑油的精度。一些规格说明a D93 最低闪点低于40 °C，但在该温度以下，尚未确定精度。 1.2 程序A适用于馏出燃料（柴油、生物柴油混合物、煤油、加热油、涡轮燃料）、新的和- 使用不包括在程序B或程序C范围内的润滑油和其他均质石油液体。 1.3 程序B适用于残余燃料油、稀释残渣、使用过的润滑油、石油液体与固体的混合物、在试验条件下倾向于形成表面膜的石油液体，或者是运动粘度在程序a的搅拌和加热条件下无法均匀加热的石油液体。 1.4 程序C适用于生物柴油（B100）。由于生物柴油中残留乙醇的闪点很难通过手动闪点技术观察到，因此已发现具有电子闪点检测的自动装置是合适的。 1.5 这些试验方法适用于检测相对不挥发性或不易燃材料与挥发性或易燃材料的污染。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.6.1 例外情况- 括号中给出的值仅供参考。 注2: 几十年来，闪点标准中的常见做法是交替使用C标度或F标度温度计进行温度测量。虽然比例在增量上接近，但它们并不相等。因为本程序中使用的F刻度温度计的刻度为5 °F增量，无法读取到2 °C等效增量3.6 °F。因此，为了应用单独温标温度计的试验方法程序，必须使用不同的增量。在本试验方法中，采用了以下协议:当温度拟转换为等效温度时，它将出现在国际单位制后面的括号中，例如370 °C（698 °F）。当温度是替代刻度的合理单位时，它将出现在“或”之后，例如2 °C或5 °F。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关特定警告声明，请参阅 6.4 , 7.1 , 9.3 , 9.4 , 11.1.2 , 11.1.4 , 11.1.8 , 11.2.2 和 12.1.2 . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 闪点温度是测量试样在受控实验室条件下与空气形成易燃混合物的趋势的一种方法。 这只是评估材料整体易燃性危险时必须考虑的众多特性之一。 5.2 运输和安全法规中使用闪点来定义 易燃的 和 易燃的 材料。对于这些分类的精确定义，应参考相关的特定法规。 5.3 这些测试方法应用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控实验室条件下对热和点火源的响应特性，不应用于描述或评估材料、产品或组件在实际火灾条件下的火灾危险或火灾风险。然而，这些试验方法的结果可作为火灾风险评估的要素，该评估考虑了与特定最终用途火灾危险评估相关的所有因素。 5.4 这些试验方法提供了温度高达370℃的唯一闭杯闪点试验程序 °C（698 °F）。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature. 1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C. 1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A. 1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable. 1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6.1 Exception— The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 2: It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after “or,” for example, 2 °C or 5 °F. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4 , 7.1 , 9.3 , 9.4 , 11.1.2 , 11.1.4 , 11.1.8 , 11.2.2 , and 12.1.2 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. 5.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F).