1.1 本试验方法包括确定分配系数， K d ，以通过分批吸附技术量化固体材料的吸收。这是一种实验室方法，主要用于评估溶解离子物种的吸附，这些离子物种会通过特定场地的地质介质或其他固体材料的孔隙和间隙迁移。它也可以应用于其他材料，如人造吸附介质和建筑材料。 该方法未涉及将结果应用于长期现场行为。 K d 对于选定的地质介质或其他固体材料中的放射性核素，通常是为了评估污染物在受污染场地地下、废物体外和废物处理设施表面的潜在迁移行为。该测试方法也适用于对有助于测量结果的变量和机制进行参数研究的研究 K d . 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 分配系数， K d ，是一个实验确定的比率，用于量化特定条件下给定流体和固体材料样品之间化学物质的分布，包括获得感兴趣物质的恒定水浓度。这个 K d 这一概念用于质量传输建模，例如，评估在给定的一组地下地球化学条件（pH值、温度、离子强度等）下，当溶液在地圈中迁移时，物种的移动因与当地地质介质的相互作用而延迟的程度。 ). 延迟因子( R f )是地下水速度除以污染物速度的比值，可以表示为: 哪里: ρ b = 多孔介质的体积密度（质量/长度 3. )，和 η e = 介质的有效孔隙度（无单位），用小数表示。 4.2 因为 K d 根据现场具体情况和材料，采用文献推导 K d 强烈反对价值观。对于传输建模以外的应用程序，批处理 K d 例如，测量也可用于改变化学条件的影响以及与流体与固体材料相互作用相关的机制的参数研究。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of distribution coefficients, K d , of chemical species to quantify uptake onto solid materials by a batch sorption technique. It is a laboratory method primarily intended to assess sorption of dissolved ionic species subject to migration through pores and interstices of site specific geomedia, or other solid material. It may also be applied to other materials such as manufactured adsorption media and construction materials. Application of the results to long-term field behavior is not addressed in this method. K d for radionuclides in selected geomedia or other solid materials are commonly determined for the purpose of assessing potential migratory behavior of contaminants in the subsurface of contaminated sites and out of a waste form and in the surface of waste disposal facilities. This test method is also applicable to studies for parametric studies of the variables and mechanisms which contribute to the measured K d . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The distribution coefficient, K d , is an experimentally determined ratio quantifying the distribution of a chemical species between a given fluid and solid material sample under certain conditions, including the attainment of constant aqueous concentrations of the species of interest. The K d concept is used in mass transport modeling, for example, to assess the degree to which the movement of a species will be delayed by interactions with the local geomedium as the solution migrates through the geosphere under a given set of underground geochemical conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The retardation factor ( R f ) is the ratio of the velocity of the groundwater divided by the velocity of the contaminant, which can be expressed as: where: ρ b = bulk density of the porous medium (mass/length 3 ), and η e = effective porosity of the medium (unitless) expressed as a decimal. 4.2 Because of the sensitivity of K d to site specific conditions and materials, the use of literature derived K d values is strongly discouraged. For applications other than transport modeling, batch K d measurements also may be used, for example, for parametric studies of the effects of changing chemical conditions and of mechanisms related to the interactions of fluids with solid material.