This powerpoint presentation looks at a problem that the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) had with how hits for cyanide in ozone-treated water samples. MWRA set up a study on whether cyanide was really in the samples, or was it
forming in the sample container
during preservation and storage. A literature search found that
there is growing evidence, especially on the
wastewater side, that cyanide can form in the
bottle. The hypothesis as stated in the presentation was that
preservation interrupts a series of
chemical reactions between
formaldehyde, an ozone disinfection byproduct (DBP), and
chlorine/chloramines that normally
convert formaldehyde into CN- to
cyanogen chloride (CNCl), and on to
non-toxic cyanate (CNO-). A bench-scale experiment and results are presented, that showed: unspiked and spiked samples formed
detectable cyanide over 2 to 10 days
of storage;
this happened with both Thiosulfate
and Ascorbic acid dechlorination; and,
Thiosulfate had twice as many hits,
and higher concentration hits, than
Ascorbic Acid. The on-site experiment is presented, using a Micro Dist Tube, with results indicating that only the samples handled in the
conventional way had detectable
amounts of cyanide. Conclusion from these studies:
cyanide can form in preserved
drinking water samples;
formaldehyde appears to stimulate
cyanide formation; and,
stabilizing samples in MICRO DIST
tubes on-site, without raising to pH
12 appears to avoid cyanide
formation. Includes figures.