本powerpoint演示文稿首先简要概述了新加坡及其为结束城市水循环所做的努力。概述了新水概念，以及新水处理工艺、新水示范工厂和采样与监测计划（SAMP）。提出了一项健康影响研究，以补充SAMP，以确定新水的安全性，包括 新水对水库的毒理学评价 水，以及对两种动物的短期和长期健康影响， 小鼠和鱼类，包括长期毒性和致癌性评估， 以及雌激素（生殖和发育）评估。介绍了PUB的研发策略，以及膜生物反应器、膜蒸馏生物反应器（MDBR）、电容去离子（CDI）和新加坡国际水周。 包括桌子。

This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of Singapore and its efforts at closing the urban water cycle. An overview of the NEWater Concept is presented, along with the NEWater Treatment Process, NEWater Demonstration Plant, and Sampling and Monitoring Program (SAMP). A health effects study is presented that complements the SAMP to determine the safety of NEWater, including toxicological assessment of NEWater against reservoir water, and the short- and long-term health effects on two animal species, mice and fish, including long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity assessment, as well as estrogenic (reproductive and development) assessment. PUB's R&D strategy is presented, along with membrane bioreactors, membrane distillation bioreactor (MDBR), Capacitive Deionization (CDI), and Singapore International Water Week. Includes table.