1.1 这些实践为分析样品的制备、样品的初步检查以及溶解分析样品或选择性分离相关成分的方法提供了指导。 1.2 本文给出的一般做法可用于分析各种表面上的样品，这些表面上有水形成的沉积物。然而，在将这些程序应用于具体问题时，研究者必须借助个人经验和判断。 1.3 实践包括以下内容: 小节 分析样品的制备 8. 分析样品的初步测试 9 溶解分析样品 10 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关特定警告声明，请参阅 注释2 . 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 水工艺流在管道中的沉积物可作为污垢、腐蚀或结垢的指示器。快速分析技术有助于确定沉积物的性质，以便确定沉积的原因。 4.2 可以设计可能的处理方案来防止沉积再次发生。 4.3 水在其所有阶段形成的沉积物可进一步分类为水垢、污泥、腐蚀产物或生物沉积物。沉积物的整体成分或沉积物的某些部分可通过化学或光谱分析确定； 实际上作为化学物质存在的成分可以通过显微镜或X射线进行鉴定。

1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern. 1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems. 1.3 The practices include the following: Sections Preparation of the Analytical Sample 8 Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample 9 Dissolving the Analytical Sample 10 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see Note 2 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained. 4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring. 4.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.