从1974年初开始，国家标准局（NBS）的工作人员开始为太阳能加热和冷却系统的两个主要非常规组件，即太阳能集热器和蓄热装置制定热测试程序。1974年末和1975年初[1,2]以符合美国采暖、制冷和空调工程师协会（ASHRAE）标准的格式发布了两种部件的推荐测试程序。这些程序后来被公布，补充信息解释了每个程序背后的原理[3,4,5]。1975年7月，ASHRAE成立了标准项目委员会94-P，以制定蓄热设备测试标准。1976年6月，出版了一份标准草案，并提交给协会审查。它基本上基于之前发布的国家统计局- 推荐程序[2]。根据收到的审查意见修改了ASHRAE草案，然后提交给ASHRAE标准委员会批准。1977年2月，ASHRAE董事会批准并授权发布ASHRAE标准94-77《基于热性能的蓄热设备测试方法》[6]。本文的目的是描述1977年在NBS进行的一项实验研究的结果，其中根据标准94-77对一个1.9米（500加仑）的水箱进行了测试。研究表明，该标准适用于此类显热储存装置。NBS目前正在对住宅大小的卵石床和相变存储设备进行类似的实验，结果将在稍后公布。应该注意的是，国家统计局也出现了类似的平行过程- 太阳能集热器的推荐试验程序[1]。ASHRAE标准93-77《测定太阳能集热器热性能的试验方法》于1977年2月采用并发布[7]。国家统计局进行了一系列实验，证明了这一点。本标准用于典型的商用热水器和空气加热器[8]。引文:宾夕法尼亚州费城ASHRAE学报第85卷第1部分研讨会

Beginning in early 1974, the staff of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) began the development of'thermal test procedures for the two primary non-conventional components of solar heating and cooling systems, solar collectors and thermal storage devices. Recommended procedures for testing both components were published in late 1974 and early 1975 [1, 2] in a format consistent with the Standards of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The procedures were later published, with supplementary information explaining the rationale behind each procedure [3, 4, 5].In July, 1975, ASHRAE formed Standards Project Committee 94-P to develop a standard for the testing of thermal storage devices. In June, 1976, a draft of a standard was published and submitted to the Society for review. It was based substantially on the previously published NBS-recommended procedure [2]. The ASHRAE draft was modified according to the review comments received and then forwarded to the ASHRAE Standards Committee for approval. In February, 1977, the ASHRAE Board of Directors approved and authorized publication of ASHRAE Standard 94-77,Methods of Testing Thermal Storage Devices Based on Thermal Performance[6].The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of an experimental study conducted at NBS during 1977 in which a 1.9 m (500 gal.) water tank was tested in accordance with Standard 94-77. The study demonstrates the applicability of the Standard to this type of sensible-heat storage device. Similar experiments are presently being conducted at NBS on residential-size pebble-bed and phase-change storage devices and the results will be published at a later time.It should be noted that a similar and parallel process has occurred with the NBS-recommended test procedure for solar collectors [1]. ASHRAE Standard 93-77,Methods of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors,was adopted and published in February, 1977 [7]. NBS has conducted a series of experiments demonstrating the.use of this Standard for typical commercially-available water-heating and air-heating collectors [8].