檀香山供水局（HBWS）是美国最大的供水公司 夏威夷仅对50%的深层地下水（600英尺）进行氯化处理，以提供150 mgd 饮用水。配水系统中的水质包含低至无法检测的水平 氯含量，但符合总大肠菌群规则。然而，即将到来的地下水规则 （GWR）建议对地下水源进行氯化处理，使其在地下水中的残留量达到0.2 mg/l 配送系统作为一种处理过程，用于消毒污染病原体。指导下 GWR表明，供水设施可能会被允许偏离该消毒要求 如果其地下水源受到自然保护，且不易受到污染 排泄物。在之前的一项研究中，对HBWS使用的地下水源进行了监测 多种粪便指示微生物（总大肠菌群、粪便大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、粪便 链球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、FRNA大肠噬菌体）。因为79个地下水样本中的大多数没有 如果含有这些粪便指示微生物，可以断定这些地下水来源 自然保护它们免受粪便污染。然而，人类肠道病毒是最有可能的 病原体会污染地下水，已知存活时间更长，运输量更大 比粪便细菌更容易通过土壤环境。本研究的目的是 分析人类肠道病毒的HBWS地下水来源。本课题的实验设计 这项研究将处理200加仑的地下水，并分析这些样本的传染性 使用标准细胞培养法和整合细胞培养法的人类肠道病毒 和聚合酶链反应（ICC-PCR）方法。共收集了45个地下水源 通过细胞培养法和 标准ICC-PCR结果。然而，在模拟脊髓灰质炎病毒样本的基础上 由于样品的干扰，标准ICC-PCR方法被确定为不可靠 组件。改进的ICC-PCR被开发用于提高检测灵敏度 方法使用这种改进的方法，40个测试的地下水样本显示为 对人类肠道病毒呈阴性。从这项研究中可以得出两个结论。首先 PCR方法在使用前必须针对每个实验室进行优化。第二，缺席 通过细胞培养、细胞培养和PCR检测所有地下水样本中的人类肠道病毒 方法表明，HBWS使用的地下水源不易受到污染 人类肠道病毒的污染。 包括16个参考文献、表格和图表。

The Honolulu Board of Water Supply (HBWS) is the largest water utility in the state of Hawaii and chlorinates only 50% of its deep (600 feet) groundwater sources to provide 150 mgd of potable water. The water quality in the distribution system contains low to undetectable levels of chlorine but meets the Total Coliform Rule. However, the upcoming Groundwater Rule (GWR) recommends that groundwater sources be chlorinated to reach a 0.2 mg/l residual in the distribution system as a treatment process to disinfect contaminating pathogens. Guidance under the GWR indicate that water utilities may be granted a variance to this disinfection requirement if their groundwater sources are naturally protected and are not vulnerable to contamination with fecal matter. In a previous study, the groundwater sources used by HBWS were monitored for multiple fecal indicator microorganisms (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, fecal streptococci, C. perfringens, FRNA coliphages). Since most of 79 groundwater samples did not contain these fecal indicator microorganisms, it was concluded that these groundwater sources are naturally protected from fecal matter. However, human enteric viruses are the most likely pathogen to contaminate groundwater and are known to survive longer and are transported more readily through the soil environment than fecal bacteria. The objective of this study was to analyze HBWS groundwater sources for human enteric viruses. The experimental design of this study was to process 200 gallons of groundwater and to analyze these samples for infectious human enteric viruses using the standard cell culture method as well as the integrated cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (ICC-PCR) method. A total of 45 groundwater sources were initially determined to be negative for human enteric viruses by cell culture method and by the standard ICC-PCR results. However, based on seeding poliovirus into mock samples, the standard ICC-PCR method was determined to be unreliable due to interferences from sample components. A modified ICC-PCR was developed to increase the sensitivity of the assay method. Using this modified method, 40 of the groundwater samples tested were shown to be negative for human enteric viruses. Two conclusions can be drawn from this study. First, that PCR methods must be optimized for each laboratory before they are used. Second, the absence of human enteric viruses in all groundwater samples by cell culture and by cell culture and PCR method indicate that the groundwater sources used by the HBWS are not vulnerable to contamination by human enteric viruses. Includes 16 references, tables, figure.