1.1 这些数字参考图像说明了截面厚度为2 英寸（50.8 mm）小于4 1. / 2. 英寸（114 毫米）。数字参考图像是本标准的附件，如果需要，必须单独从ASTM国际采购（见2.3） 1.2 . 注1: 这些参考图像的应用基础要求事先获得第节所述的射线照相检查属性和验收标准的买方和供应商协议 4. , 6. 和 7. 本标准。 1.2 这些数字参考图像由三个单独的卷组成（请参见 注2 )如下:（I）1 MV X射线和铱-192，（II）2MV至4MV X射线和钴-60，以及（III）4MV至30MV X射线。除非买卖双方协议中另有规定（见 1.1 )，每个体积仅用于与辐射能级在本标准涵盖的厚度范围内产生的生产数字图像进行比较。每卷包括五类严重程度不断增加的分级不连续性和三类未分级不连续。提供包含未分级不连续性的参考图像，作为识别不需要严重级别的特定铸造不连续性类型的指南。 以下是本标准附属数字参考图像的不连续类别、类型和严重程度列表: 1.2.1 A类- 气体孔隙度；严重级别1到5。 1.2.2 B类- 夹砂和夹渣；严重级别1到5。 1.2.3 C类- 收缩3种类型: 1.2.3.1 Ca–线性收缩- 严重级别1至5。 1.2.3.2 Cb–羽毛收缩- 严重级别1至5。 1.2.3.3 抄送-海绵收缩- 严重级别1至5。 1.2.4 D类- 裂纹1图。 1.2.5 E类- 热撕裂；1图。 1.2.6 F类- 插入1图。 注2: 数字参考图像包括以下内容: 第一卷:1 MV X射线和铱-192 第二卷:2 MV至4 MV X射线和钴-60 第三卷:4 MV至30 MV X射线 1.3 本标准的所有领域都可以在认可的工程组织和供应商之间达成协议，或接受认可工程组织的具体指导。这些项目应在采购订单或合同中说明。 1.4 单位- 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 这些数字参考图像并非旨在说明在2英寸铸钢件中发现的不连续性的类型和程度。 （50.8毫米）至4 1. / 2. 在进行胶片射线照相时，厚度为114mm。如果对此类钢铸件进行胶片射线照相，请参考参考射线照相 1986年 . 1.6 只有软件和图像的许可副本才能用于生产检查。ASTM/用户许可协议的副本应存档，以供审核。（参见 注3 .) 注3: 每卷数字参考图像由6个数字数据文件、加载所需格式的软件和加载过程的具体说明组成。每个卷中的28幅参考图像说明了五类分级不连续性和三类未分级不连续。 可从ASTM国际总部获得，第一卷订单号:RRE303001-A，第二卷订单号RRE303002-A，第三卷订单号为RRE303003-A。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 分级参考图像旨在提供一种指南，能够识别典型制造过程中可能遇到的特定铸件不连续类型和相对严重程度。提供包含未分级不连续性的参考图像，作为识别不需要严重级别的特定铸造不连续性类型的指南。这些参考图像旨在作为制造商和买方根据双方协议选择特定不连续性等级作为代表最低可接受水平的标准的依据（见第节 5. 和 6. ). 4.2 当确定适用于铸造服务应用时，本标准所代表的参考图像可用于本标准范围之外的能级、厚度或两者，如采购商-供应商协议中所约定。数字参考图像的类似不连续性类别和能级范围的严重程度 1986年 如果在采购商-供应商协议中达成一致，则可根据铸造服务应用情况选择使用参考图像。 4.3 第节规定了使用本标准适用参考图像评估生产图像的程序 7. ; 然而，可能存在涉及特定铸造服务应用的制造买方问题，其中可能需要修改或更改此类要求。如果此类修改适用于铸造应用，则所有此类修改应在采购商-供应商协议或合同文件中明确规定。部分 8. 说明了可能需要进行焊接修复的买方和供应商的要求。 4.4 认可的工程组织和供应商之间应达成协议，即供应商使用的系统能够检测和分类所需的不连续性。

1.1 These digital reference images illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 2 in. (50.8 mm) to less than 4 1 / 2 in. (114 mm). The digital reference images are an adjunct to this standard and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.3). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these digital reference images are described in 1.2 . Note 1: The basis of application for these reference images requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and acceptance criteria as described in Sections 4 , 6 , and 7 of this standard. 1.2 These digital reference images consist of three separate volumes (see Note 2 ) as follows: (I) 1 MV X-rays and Iridium-192, (II) 2 MV to 4 MV X-rays and Cobalt-60, and (III) 4 MV to 30 MV X-rays. Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1 ), each volume is for comparison only with production digital images produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of five categories of graded discontinuities of increasing severity level and three categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference images containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. The following is a list of discontinuity categories, types, and severity levels for the adjunct digital reference images of this standard: 1.2.1 Category A— Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.2 Category B— Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3 Category C— Shrinkage; 3 types: 1.2.3.1 Ca – Linear Shrinkage— Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.2 Cb – Feathery Shrinkage— Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.3 Cc – Sponge Shrinkage— Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.4 Category D— Crack; 1 illustration. 1.2.5 Category E— Hot tear; 1 illustration. 1.2.6 Category F— Insert; 1 illustration. Note 2: The digital reference images consist of the following: Volume I: 1 MV X-rays and Iridium-192 Volume II: 2 MV to 4 MV X-rays and Cobalt-60 Volume III: 4 MV to 30 MV X-rays 1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract. 1.4 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in steel castings 2 in. (50.8 mm) to 4 1 / 2 in. (114 mm) in thickness when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of such steel castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E186 . 1.6 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes. (See Note 3 .) Note 3: Each volume of digital reference images consists of 6 digital data files, software to load the desired format, and specific instructions on the loading process. The 28 reference images in each volume illustrate five categories of graded discontinuities and three categories of ungraded discontinuities. Available from ASTM International Headquarters, Order No: RRE303001-A for Volume I, No: RRE303002-A for Volume II, and No: RRE303003-A for Volume III. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Graded reference images are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference images containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. These reference images are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 5 and 6 ). 4.2 Reference images represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses, or both, outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Severity levels of similar discontinuity categories and energy level range of Digital Reference Images E2868 reference images may alternatively be used, as determined appropriate for the casting service application, if so agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement. 4.3 Procedures for evaluation of production images using applicable reference images of this standard are prescribed in Section 7 ; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 8 addresses purchaser supplier requisites for where weld repairs may be required. 4.4 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities.