This article reports on the distribution and prevalence of Legionella in the water and plumbing systems at various sites in a newly constructed water treatment facility in Columbus, Ohio. Results of studies indicate that plumbing fixtures associated with the coldwater system in the preoperational plant were contaminated with Legionella. Representative positive isolates were identified as L. pneumophilia. Legionella spp. were not detected in the incoming mainline water. Data indicate that Legionella is able to proliferate in cold-water systems, reaching densities at least as great as those found in hot-water systems. Repeated flushing and hyperchlorination were inadequate as decontamination procedures because of poor contact of the organisms with chlorine. Valves and associated inner parts, rendered resistant to chlorine disinfection through stagnation or through physical protection from the design of the valve assembly, were shown to be colonized by Legionella. Includes 18 references, tables, figures.