1.1 本标准规定了火焰和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法，用于测定工作场所空气中颗粒铅和铅化合物的时间加权平均质量浓度。 1.2 该方法适用于ISO 7708中定义的空气颗粒物可吸入部分的个人采样和静态（区域）采样。 1.3 样品溶解程序规定了热板或微波消解或超声波提取( 10.2 ). 样品溶解程序并非对所有铅化合物都有效（见第节） 5. ). 当需要使用本文所述的溶解程序从试验大气中不溶的化合物中提取铅时，需要使用替代的、更剧烈的溶解程序。 例如，如果需要测定硅酸盐铅，则需要氢氟酸溶解程序。 1.4 火焰原子吸收法适用于在不稀释的情况下测定每个样品约1至200μg铅的质量 ( 1. ) . 2. 石墨炉原子吸收法适用于测定每个样品中约0.01至0.5μg铅的质量，无需稀释 ( 1. ) . 1.5 对于实验室产生的铅烟空气过滤器样品，已验证超声波提取程序用于测定每个样品约20至100μg铅的质量 ( 2. ) . 1.6 本程序适用的空气中铅的浓度范围部分由用户选择的采样程序确定（见第节） 9 ). 1.7 与铅形成沉淀物的阴离子可能会干扰，但必要时可通过添加乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐（EDTA）来克服这种潜在干扰。 1.8 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 6.1 许多行业（例如采矿、金属精炼、电池制造、建筑等）的工人的健康因吸入颗粒铅和铅化合物而受到威胁。工业卫生学家和其他公共卫生专业人员需要确定为控制工人暴露而采取的措施的有效性，这通常通过进行工作场所空气测量来实现。本标准的发布是为了提供一种有效的铅暴露测量方法。这将有利于:关注工作健康和安全的机构；工业卫生学家和其他公共卫生专业人员；分析实验室；金属和类金属的工业用户及其工人等。 在起草本标准时，假设将其条款的执行和所获得结果的解释委托给具有相应资质和经验的人员。 6.2 测量程序应符合规定工作场所空气中化学剂测量程序性能要求的任何相关国际、欧洲或国家标准（例如ISO 20581）。

1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air. 1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. 1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction ( 10.2 ). The sample dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead compounds (see Section 5 ). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a hydrofluoric acid dissolution procedure is required. 1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 μg of lead per sample, without dilution ( 1 ) . 2 The graphite furnace atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0.01 to 0.5 μg of lead per sample, without dilution ( 1 ) . 1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 μg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples ( 2 ) . 1.6 The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see Section 9 ). 1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere, but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) when necessary. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 The health of workers in many industries, for example, mining, metal refining, battery manufacture, construction, etc., is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate lead and lead compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for lead. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers, etc. It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the execution of its provisions, and the interpretation of the results obtained, is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. 6.2 The measuring procedure shall comply with any relevant International, European or National Standard that specifies performance requirements for procedures for measuring chemical agents in workplace air (for example, ISO 20581).