1.1 本指南 2. 包括适用于工业射线照相胶片记录的令人满意的X射线和伽马射线射线照相检查。它包括关于首选实践的陈述，而不讨论证明首选的技术背景。其他社会的一些教科书和标准文件的参考书目被包括在内，以获得关于该主题的更多信息。 1.2 本指南涵盖了待检查材料的类型；射线照相检查技术和生产方法；射线照相胶片的选择、处理、查看和存储； 维护检查记录；以及可用参考射线照片文件列表。 注1: 更多信息见指南 E999型 实践 2025年 实践 E1030/E1030米 、和实践 第103页 . 1.3 数字射线照相术的使用已经扩展并遵循了许多基于胶片的射线照相术相同的一般原理，但有许多重要的区别。用户参考数字射线照相标准[ 第597页 , 698年 , 1736年 和 2007年 数字检测器阵列（DDA）射线照相和 2007年 , 2013年 , 2445/2445米 和 第2446页 对于计算机射线照相术（CR）]，如果考虑使用数字射线照相术。 1.4 解释和验收标准- 除列出铸件和焊缝的可用参考射线照片文件外，本指南未涵盖解释和验收标准。接受-拒绝标准的指定被认为是在产品规范的认知范围内，通常是生产商和采购商之间的合同协议问题。 1.5 安全操作规程- 人员X射线防护问题- 本指南不包括射线和伽马射线。关于射线照相术这一重要方面的信息，应参考国家辐射防护和测量委员会、联邦公报、美国能源研究与发展管理局、国家标准局的现行文件，以及州和地方法规（如有）。有关具体辐射安全信息，请参考NIST手册ANSI 43.3、21 CFR 1020.40和29 CFR 1910.1096或协议州的州法规。 1.6 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不完全相等；因此，每个系统应独立于其他系统使用。合并两个系统的值可能导致不符合标准。 1.7 如果使用了无损检测机构，则该机构应符合规范要求 第543页 . 1.8 人员资格- 如果合同协议中有规定，根据本指南进行考试的人员应符合国家或国际公认的无损检测人员资格实践或标准，并由雇主或认证机构（如适用）认证。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 （参见 1.5 .) 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 在射线照相技术的当前状态下，本指南通常适用于工业射线照相胶片用作记录介质的可用材料、工艺和技术。 4.2 限制- 本指南未考虑非胶片射线照相术（如射线照相术、数字探测器阵列或计算机射线照相术）的优点和局限性。请参阅指南 1000埃 , 1736年 和 2007年 . 4.3 尽管参考了可用于识别和分级常见金属铸件和焊缝中的代表性不连续性（如适用）的文件，但未尝试为任何材料或生产工艺设定验收标准。 4.4 只有获得并保持了所有技术细节，如几何、胶片、过滤、观察等，射线照相才能在图像质量（对比度灵敏度和清晰度）上保持一致。

1.1 This guide 2 covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic film recording. It includes statements about preferred practice without discussing the technical background which justifies the preference. A bibliography of several textbooks and standard documents of other societies is included for additional information on the subject. 1.2 This guide covers types of materials to be examined; radiographic examination techniques and production methods; radiographic film selection, processing, viewing, and storage; maintenance of inspection records; and a list of available reference radiograph documents. Note 1: Further information is contained in Guide E999 , Practice E1025 , Practice E1030/E1030M , and Practice E1032 . 1.3 The use of digital radiography has expanded and follows many of the same general principles of film based radiography but with many important differences. The user is referred to standards for digital radiography [ E2597 , E2698 , E2736 , and E2737 for digital detector array (DDA) radiography and E2007 , E2033 , E2445/E2445M , and E2446 for computed radiography(CR)] if considering the use of digital radiography. 1.4 Interpretation and Acceptance Standards— Interpretation and acceptance standards are not covered by this guide, beyond listing the available reference radiograph documents for castings and welds. Designation of accept - reject standards is recognized to be within the cognizance of product specifications and generally a matter of contractual agreement between producer and purchaser. 1.5 Safety Practices— Problems of personnel protection against X-rays and gamma-rays are not covered by this guide. For information on this important aspect of radiography, reference should be made to the current document of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement, Federal Register, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, National Bureau of Standards, and to state and local regulations, if such exist. For specific radiation safety information, refer to NIST Handbook ANSI 43.3, 21 CFR 1020.40, and 29 CFR 1910.1096 or state regulations for agreement states. 1.6 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system should be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 If an NDT agency is used, the agency should be qualified in accordance with Specification E543 . 1.8 Personnel Qualification— If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel performing examinations to this guide should be qualified in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 1.5 .) 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Within the present state of the radiographic art, this guide is generally applicable to available materials, processes, and techniques where industrial radiographic films are used as the recording media. 4.2 Limitations— This guide does not take into consideration the benefits and limitations of nonfilm radiography such as radioscopy, digital detector arrays, or computed radiography. Refer to Guides E1000 , E2736 , and E2007 . 4.3 Although reference is made to documents that may be used in the identification and grading, where applicable, of representative discontinuities in common metal castings and welds, no attempt has been made to set standards of acceptance for any material or production process. 4.4 Radiography will be consistent in image quality (contrast sensitivity and definition) only if all details of techniques, such as geometry, film, filtration, viewing, etc., are obtained and maintained.