1.1 本规程涵盖了对石棉应对措施进行目视检查的程序，以: 1.1.1 在开始之前确定所需工作的范围； 1.1.2 确定工作的进度和质量，并评估响应行动的完整性；和 1.1.3 在最终空气间隙测试之前（如果进行），以及在拆除关键屏障之后，评估工作区域的清洁度。 1.2 这种做法可用于减排项目，或由建筑业主的员工执行的运营和维护（O&M）工作。它也可以与建筑业主和参与减排项目的其他各方之间的合同文件结合使用。 注1: 标准合同文件（如AIA和EJCDC文件）定义了建筑行业项目的合同关系和责任。 石棉减排项目与传统建筑项目的不同之处在于其设计和执行方式，以及证明其成功完成所需的监督类型和级别。这种做法赋予了建筑业主、项目设计师和减排承包商非传统的责任。此外，与项目监督、检查和批准相关的责任由建筑业主的一名额外的非传统代表承担；项目监督员，如本惯例所定义。各方应注意，应理解、共同商定主题权限和相应责任，并在必要时对特定项目的合同文件进行适当修改。 1.3 本规程提供了以下信息: 1.3.1 目视检查过程的目标； 1.3.2 参与目视检查的个人的责任和资格； 1.3.3 减排项目和运维工作期间目视检查活动的时间表； 1.3.4 各类减排工作和运维任务的检查程序；和 1.3.5 根据目视检查证明工作完成的标准。 1.4 以英寸磅为单位的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.5 警告- 石棉纤维是公认的致癌物质。 吸入石棉纤维会导致肺部疾病，包括石棉肺、癌症和间皮瘤。应采取本标准实践中的预防措施，避免从已知或怀疑含有石棉的材料中产生和吸入空气中的石棉颗粒。看见 2.2 针对石棉的监管要求。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的安全声明，请参阅 12.2 。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程适用于所有类型含石棉材料的响应行动，包括表面材料、热系统绝缘和其他材料，无论是否易碎，无论所涉及的数量和进行响应行动的原因如何。 5.1.1 为去除含石棉材料或封装或封闭含石棉材料而进行的清除，无论使用何种工程控制和工作实践，都需要进行本实践中所述的目视检查。 5.1.2 操作和维护（O&M）活动，如部件维修或更换附带的含石棉材料的移除、封装或封闭，清洁- 纤维释放事件产生的碎片堆积，或其他预防措施，需要进行本规程中所述的目视检查。看见 石棉管理到位 7. 和指导手册。 5.1.3 此做法适用于根据建筑业主的合同执行的响应行动，以及建筑业主员工执行的工作。 5.2 在石棉消除项目之前、期间和结束时，目视检查过程的具体目标是:审查工作范围内含石棉材料的范围，监测工作的执行情况，并核实在清除和清理活动完成时是否没有可见的残留物、灰尘或碎屑或未清除的材料。 5.2.1 目视检查过程用于评估石棉减排项目的所有四个方面，如下所示: 5.2.1.1条 ACM在工作范围内的范围- 旨在定位和量化含石棉材料的建筑调查在本规范中不被恰当地称为“目视检查”。为了确定ACM涉及的范围，建筑调查是目视检查过程第一步的必要前奏。建筑调查可能使用其他建筑记录，旨在定位和评估ACM的状况，并通过大量样本的实验室分析进行确认。在项目设计期间，可能需要进行额外的调查，以在初始建筑调查期间未进入或无法进入的位置找到ACM。 为了正确设计减排项目，必须知道ACM的减排程度。参见40 CFR第61部分M子部分。 5.2.1.2条 项目工作业绩- 对整个减排项目的工作活动进行观察，确认了可接受的工作表现，并有助于目视检查表面和部件上ACM清除的完整性以及工作区域清理的完整性。在项目开始时，可能需要仔细检查工作区域，以确定建筑调查和项目设计后可能产生的碎片。 5.2.1.3条 删除的完整性- 去除石棉的表面和部件上存在残留物，无需使用放大装置即可看到，这表明需要对这些表面进行额外清洁。 合同文件要求拆除的所有ACM必须全部拆除，以通过拆除完整性检查。同样，存在封装不当或封装不足的材料表明，如果这些措施用于减排或作为其附件，则未充分执行，应采取纠正措施。 5.2.1.4条 清理的完整性- 在已经进行减排的区域表面存在灰尘或碎屑，这表明这些区域在减排后没有得到适当的清洁。在通过清理完整性的目视检查之前，不得采集清理和重新占用的最终空气样本。 5.2.2 在工程的任何阶段，目视检查都不能代替空气监测，尤其不能代替建筑重新装修的最终空气测试- 石棉减排项目之后的占用率。这种做法的基本前提是，在不使用放大装置的情况下仍然存在残留物、灰尘或碎屑或未去除材料的表面、部件或工作区域，对于后续工作阶段而言，其清洁度不够。在检查过程中发现的任何残留物、灰尘或碎屑都被认为含有石棉，在继续检查之前，必须重新清洁表面、部件和区域。 5.2.3 通过消除和清理的完整性目视检查提高了该区域通过最终空气测试的机会，但不能保证这一点。 5.3 目视检查是确定可接受的运维工作完成情况的重要手段。 适用于运维工作的目视检查过程的目标与减排项目的目标相似，具有识别运维活动以下方面的具体程序和验收标准: 5.3.1 运维工作的范围通常比减排项目更为有限，涉及的ACM更少，因此在美国环保局规则中被称为AHERA，该规则规定了学校的石棉活动，从K到12；公共和私人。这项工作也包含在OSHA要求中，作为第三类工作，其中有允许数量和操作的规则。这些要求可能因其他适用法规的不同而有所不同，本规范中未对此进行规定。 5.3.2 运维工作通常缺乏负压和净化设施等保护措施，在减排项目期间为工人和建筑居住者提供保护。

1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visual inspections of asbestos response actions to: 1.1.1 Establish the extent of the required work before it begins; 1.1.2 Determine the progress and quality of the work and evaluate the completeness of the response action; and 1.1.3 Evaluate the cleanliness of the work area prior to final air testing for clearance (if performed), and subsequent to dismantling of critical barriers. 1.2 This practice can be used on an abatement project, or for operations and maintenance (O&M) work, performed by the building owner's staff. It can also be used in conjunction with contract documents between the building owner and other parties involved in an abatement project. Note 1: Standard contract documents (such as AIA and EJCDC documents) define contractual relationships and responsibilities for projects within the construction industry. Asbestos abatement projects differ from traditional construction projects in the manner of their design and execution, as well as in the type and level of oversight required to substantiate their successful completion. Non-traditional responsibilities are given to the building owner, project designer, and abatement contractor by this practice. Furthermore, responsibilities related to project oversight, inspections, and approvals are placed upon an additional non-traditional representative of the building owner; the project monitor, as defined by this practice. All parties are cautioned that the subject authorities and corresponding responsibilities be understood, mutually agreed upon, and correspondingly addressed with appropriate modifications, if necessary, to the contract documents for a specific project. 1.3 This practice provides the following information: 1.3.1 The objectives of the visual inspection process; 1.3.2 The responsibilities and qualifications of the individuals involved in the visual inspections; 1.3.3 The schedule of visual inspection activities during an abatement project and O&M work; 1.3.4 The inspection procedures for the various types of abatement work and O&M tasks; and 1.3.5 The criteria for certifying work as complete on the basis of the visual inspections. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 Warning— Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of the lungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoid creating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from materials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 for regulatory requirements addressing asbestos. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety statements, see 12.2 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice applies to response actions for all types of asbestos-containing materials, including surfacing materials, thermal systems insulation, and miscellaneous materials, whether friable or not, regardless of the quantities involved and the reason for conducting the response action. 5.1.1 Abatement for the purpose of removing asbestos-containing materials or encapsulating or enclosing them, regardless of the engineering controls and work practices used, requires performance of visual inspections as described in this practice. 5.1.2 Operations and maintenance (O&M) activities, such as removal, encapsulation, or enclosure of asbestos-containing materials incidental to repair or replacement of a component, clean-up of debris from a fiber release episode, or other preventive measures, require the performance of visual inspections as described in this practice. See Managing Asbestos in Place 7 and Guidance Manual. 5.1.3 This practice applies to response actions performed under a contract from the building owner, as well as to work performed by the building owner's staff. 5.2 The specific objectives of the visual inspection process before, during, and at the conclusion of an asbestos abatement project are: to review the extent of asbestos-containing material (ACM) within the scope of work, to monitor performance of the work, and to verify if visible residue, dust or debris, or unremoved material are absent at the completion of removal and clean-up activities. 5.2.1 The visual inspection process is used to evaluate all four aspects of an asbestos abatement project as follows: 5.2.1.1 Extent of ACM within Scope of Work— The building survey which is intended to locate and quantify asbestos-containing materials is not properly called a “visual inspection” within the context of this practice. To define the extent of ACM involved, a building survey is a necessary prelude to the first step of the visual inspection process. The building survey, which may use other building records, is intended to locate and assess the condition of ACM with confirmation by laboratory analysis of bulk samples. Additional surveys may be required during project design to find ACM in locations not entered or accessible during the initial building survey. The extent of the ACM to be abated must be known in order to properly design the abatement project. See 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M. 5.2.1.2 Project Work Performance— Observation of work activities throughout the abatement project confirms acceptable work performance and aids the visual inspection for completeness of removal of ACM from the surfaces and components and for completeness of cleanup of the work area. Careful examination of the work area may be required at the start of the project for debris that may have been generated after the building surveys and project design. 5.2.1.3 Completeness of Abatement— The presence of residue, visible without the use of magnifying devices, on surfaces and components from which asbestos has been removed indicates that additional cleaning of these surfaces is required. All ACM required to be removed by the contract documents must be gone in order to pass the inspection for completeness of removal. Similarly, the presence of improperly encapsulated or insufficiently enclosed material indicates that these measures, if used for abatement or as an adjunct thereto, were inadequately performed and corrective action shall be taken. 5.2.1.4 Completeness of Clean-up— The presence of dust or debris on surfaces in areas where abatement has taken place indicates that these areas were not properly cleaned following the abatement. Final air samples for clearance and re-occupancy shall not be taken until the visual inspection for completeness of clean-up is passed. 5.2.2 Visual inspection is not a substitute for air monitoring at any stage of the work and is particularly not a substitute for final air testing for building re-occupancy following an asbestos abatement project. The basic premise of this practice is that a surface, component, or work area where residue, dust or debris, or unremoved material, visible without the use of magnifying devices, is still present is not sufficiently clean for subsequent stages of work. Any residue, dust, or debris found during the inspections is assumed to contain asbestos, and the surfaces, components, and area must be re-cleaned before proceeding further. 5.2.3 Passing the visual inspections for completeness of abatement and clean-up improves the chances, but does not guarantee, that the area will pass final air testing for clearance. 5.3 Visual inspection is an important means of determining acceptable completion of O&M work. The objectives of the visual inspection process as it applies to O&M work are similar to those for abatement projects with specific procedures and acceptance criteria that recognize the following aspects of O&M activities: 5.3.1 O&M work is generally more limited in scope than abatement projects, involves less ACM, and is consequently referred to as “small-scale, short-duration” in the EPA rule known as AHERA which regulates asbestos activities in schools, K through 12; public and private. This work is also covered in the OSHA requirements as Class III work where there are rules for permissible quantities and operations. These requirements may vary according to other applicable regulations and are not specified in this practice. 5.3.2 O&M work often lacks such protective measures as negative pressure and decontamination facilities that provide protection to workers and building occupants during abatement projects.