1.1 本指南提供了在使用日射强度计和日射强度表进行室外测量时评估不确定度的指南和推荐做法，日射强度仪用于测量半球总辐照度和太阳直射辐照度。该方法遵循ISO评估不确定度的程序、JCGM 100:2008《测量不确定度表示指南》和ISO/ASTM联合标准ISO/ASTM 51707《辐射处理剂量测定不确定度评估标准指南》，但提供了明确的计算示例。用户可根据测量方程和已知的不确定性来源，根据其具体应用修改此处所述指南。 此外，本文件中未使用常用的精度和偏差概念。本指南量化了测量室内或室外总（所有入射角）、宽带（所有52个波长的光）辐照度的不确定性。 1.2 交互式Excel电子表格作为附件ADJG021317提供。其目的是为用户提供真实世界的示例，并说明GUM方法的实现。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他测量单位。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 室外太阳辐照度测量的不确定性对材料系统的风化、耐久性和使用寿命有重大影响。 具有已知不确定性的精确太阳辐照度测量将有助于确定组件材料系统（包括聚合物密封剂、镜子、光伏模块、涂层等）随时间的性能。此外，辐射测量数据中的不确定性估计对太阳能装置的预期电输出的不确定性有重大影响。 5.1.1 这影响了这些系统的经济风险分析。太阳辐照度数据被广泛使用，这些数据的经济重要性正在迅速增长。因此，为了进行正确的风险分析，应明确指出测量不确定性。 5.2 目前的趋势是只参考仪表数据表，将仪表校准不确定度作为现场测量不确定度。 这导致了过度乐观的估计。本指南为这一问题提供了一种更现实的方法，这样做还将帮助用户选择应使用的仪器和应遵循的测量程序。 5.3 附件的可用性（ADJG021317） 5. 不确定性电子表格计算器提供了GUM方法的实际示例，并帮助了解每个不确定性源对总体不确定性估计的贡献。因此，电子表格帮助用户或制造商寻求方法来减轻总体不确定性的主要不确定性因素。

1.1 This guide provides guidance and recommended practices for evaluating uncertainties when calibrating and performing outdoor measurements with pyranometers and pyrheliometers used to measure total hemispherical- and direct solar irradiance. The approach follows the ISO procedure for evaluating uncertainty, the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) JCGM 100:2008 and that of the joint ISO/ASTM standard ISO/ASTM 51707 Standard Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for Radiation Processing, but provides explicit examples of calculations. It is up to the user to modify the guide described here to their specific application, based on measurement equation and known sources of uncertainties. Further, the commonly used concepts of precision and bias are not used in this document. This guide quantifies the uncertainty in measuring the total (all angles of incidence), broadband (all 52 wavelengths of light) irradiance experienced either indoors or outdoors. 1.2 An interactive Excel spreadsheet is provided as adjunct, ADJG021317. The intent is to provide users real world examples and to illustrate the implementation of the GUM method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The uncertainty in outdoor solar irradiance measurement has a significant impact on weathering and durability and the service lifetime of materials systems. Accurate solar irradiance measurement with known uncertainty will assist in determining the performance over time of component materials systems, including polymer encapsulants, mirrors, Photovoltaic modules, coatings, etc. Furthermore, uncertainty estimates in the radiometric data have a significant effect on the uncertainty of the expected electrical output of a solar energy installation. 5.1.1 This influences the economic risk analysis of these systems. Solar irradiance data are widely used, and the economic importance of these data is rapidly growing. For proper risk analysis, a clear indication of measurement uncertainty should therefore be required. 5.2 At present, the tendency is to refer to instrument datasheets only and take the instrument calibration uncertainty as the field measurement uncertainty. This leads to over-optimistic estimates. This guide provides a more realistic approach to this issue and in doing so will also assists users to make a choice as to the instrumentation that should be used and the measurement procedure that should be followed. 5.3 The availability of the adjunct (ADJG021317) 5 uncertainty spreadsheet calculator provides real world example, implementation of the GUM method, and assists to understand the contribution of each source of uncertainty to the overall uncertainty estimate. Thus, the spreadsheet assists users or manufacturers to seek methods to mitigate the uncertainty from the main uncertainty contributors to the overall uncertainty.