1.1 这些实践旨在为托运人、承运人和收货人在水陆运输中的多式联运和单式联运货物的装载规划、装载、阻塞和支撑提供指导。实践参考了与上述相关的信息书目。危险品、散装货物、海洋运输中的非集装箱散装货物和空运货物目前不包括在这些做法中。 1.2 这些做法应适用于平板、敞篷、箱式车、卡车、厢式货车和多式联运集装箱的地面运输货物。 1.3 这些做法旨在形成一个框架，用于在多式联运和单式水陆运输中安全有效地装卸货物。 它们无意提供与特定类型货物相关的全面细节，但将参考可找到此类细节的源材料。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 许多来源提供了单式和多式联运中特定类型货物的装载、阻塞、支撑和卸载的详细信息。其中一些来源是专有的，另一些来源规模庞大，范围复杂，没有一个是一贯向托运人、承运人和收货人公布的。货物在运输过程中遭受的许多损失都是由于未能实践正确的基本货物处理和装载技术造成的。这些实践旨在以简单、清晰、通用和易于发布的格式概述这些技术，包括海报、幻灯片、录像带和小册子，并进一步作为建立综合货物处理方法的基础。 4.2 这些实践的用户应该利用可用的详细资源信息。所定义的实践不足以形成完整的货物处理协议。

1.1 These practices are intended to serve as a guide to shippers, carriers, and consignees for load planning, loading, blocking, and bracing of intermodal and unimodal cargo in surface transport. The practices are referenced to a bibliography of information concerning the above. Hazardous materials, bulk cargo, non-containerized break bulk in ocean carriage, and transport of cargo by air are not included in these practices at this time. 1.2 These practices shall apply to cargo in surface transport on flat bed, open top, box car, truck, van, and intermodal containers. 1.3 The practices are intended to form a framework for the safe and effective loading and unloading of cargo in intermodal and unimodal surface transport. They are not intended to provide comprehensive detail relating to specific types of cargo, but will reference to source materials wherein such detail may be found. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Numerous sources provide detailed information as to the loading, blocking, bracing, and unloading of specific types of cargo in unimodal and intermodal transport. Some of these sources are proprietary, others are massive and complex in scope, and none are consistently promulgated to shippers, carriers, and consignees. Many of the losses experienced by cargo in transport are due to the failure to practice proper basic cargo handling and loading techniques. These practices are intended to outline those techniques in simple, clear, generic, and easy to promulgate formats, including posters, slides, videotapes, and pamphlets, and are further intended to serve as the basis upon which a comprehensive cargo handling methodology may be built. 4.2 Users of these practices should avail themselves of the detailed resource information available. The practices as defined are not sufficient to form a complete cargo handling protocol.