这项研究是为了确定紫外线（UV）光的组合效应 基于模拟温暖气候中细菌生长的氯消毒 分配系统。本研究的重点是确定Cl₂的有效性， NH₂Cl、UV/Cl₂和UV/NH₂Cl抑制生物膜生长和大肠菌群发生 在饮用水分配系统中通过现场规模的研究，并进行比较 用紫外线处理到不用紫外线处理。检测异养平板计数和大肠菌群 用于比较系统内细菌的消毒处理。此外 在整个实验过程中，对水质参数进行了监测。凯勒水处理厂位于佛罗里达州皮内拉斯县。这个 这些实验的来源是经过硫化氢去除处理的地下水， 腐蚀控制、pH调节和添加氟化物。 水是用消毒水消毒的 游离氯，然后以4.5:1的比例添加氨，以产生 一氯胺。 使用含有PVC材料试样的环形反应器进行模拟 派尼拉斯县的配送系统。两个ARs作为对照，并收到 含有游离氯或氯胺的净化水。又有两个ARs收到了水 使用Cl₂或NH₂Cl，并用紫外线进行额外处理。为了这些 实验中，水源在暴露于紫外线前经过化学消毒 100 mJ/cm²剂量，而实际上，紫外线消毒通常会在 氯化。所有非不透明的ARs暴露表面都被覆盖，以减少污染 田间系统中光营养生长的潜力。这项研究历时七个月 2005年4月至11月。 给出了环形反应器装置的总体示意图。 二 其中一条含有一氯胺，另一条含有游离氯，是主要的污染源 模型配水系统的水源。从每条小溪收集的水 被引导到一个单独的clearwell。每口井的净流量 被拆分为一个UV单元和一个AR。每个水流都有一个单独的低压 特洛伊技术公司提供的压力紫外线灯（特洛伊UV Max C型）。一旦 水流经过紫外线处理，流向两个方向 另外两个独立的清水井，为剩余的两个人工鱼提供水源。在研究期间，每周对ARs进行一次异养细菌监测 计数（悬浮物和生物膜）、消毒剂残留和大肠菌群，以及其他 未报告的水质参数。HPC细菌的大量样本收集于 100mL IDEXX瓶，含10%w/v硫代硫酸钠，用于熄灭消毒剂 残余物无菌移除PVC试片，并将其置于无菌50mL玻璃中 含有PBS和0.1%w/v硫代硫酸钠。两个样品都是隔夜装运的 去达尔豪西大学实验室，那里有贴在优惠券上的细胞 按照Gagnon和Slawson所述的刮削方法立即移除 (1999). 将刮屑旋转并镀在R2A琼脂上，以确定异养 车牌数。用乙醇处理过的新优惠券取代了那些 已从每个AR中移除并装运。HPC的枚举过程 细菌涉及标准扩散板技术，如标准方法中所述 在R2A琼脂（Difco）上检测水和废水（第21版） 实验室）。 使用IDEXX Colilert®Quanti-tray®系统对大肠菌群进行计数。 使用含有硫代硫酸钠的市售无菌瓶进行收集 100毫升的样本。 对不同的药物组合进行统计测试并重复 消毒剂。此外，统计测试比较了两组之间的显著差异 w的平均进水和出水值

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light in combination with chlorine based disinfection on the growth of bacteria in a simulated warm climate distribution system. The focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cl₂, NH₂Cl, UV/Cl₂, and UV/NH₂Cl in suppressing biofilm growth and coliform occurrences in drinking water distribution systems through a field-scale study, and to compare treatment with UV to no UV treatment. Heterotrophic plate counts and coliforms were used to compare disinfection treatments for bacteria within the systems. In addition, water quality parameters were monitored throughout the experiments. Keller Water Treatment Plant is located in Pinellas County, Florida. The source for these experiments was groundwater treated for hydrogen sulphide removal, corrosion control, pH adjustment, and addition of fluoride. The water is disinfected using free chlorine followed by addition of ammonia at a ratio of 4.5:1 to produce monochloramine. Annular reactors containing coupons made of PVC material were used to simulate the distribution system in Pinellas County. Two ARs acted as controls and received treated water containing free chlorine or chloramines. Two more ARs received water with either Cl₂ or NH₂Cl and were additionally treated with UV light. For these experiments the water sources were chemically disinfected prior to exposure to UV at a 100 mJ/cm² dose, whereas in practice, UV disinfection would normally occur prior to chlorination. All non-opaque exposed surfaces of the ARs were covered to reduce the potential of phototrophic growth in the field systems. The study ran over a seven-month period from April to November, 2005. A general schematic of the annular reactor set-up is presented. Two streams, one containing monochloramine and one with free chlorine, were the primary source waters for the model distribution systems. The water collected from each stream was directed into a separate clearwell. The flow pumped from each of these clearwells was split to feed both a UV unit and one AR. Each water stream had a separate low pressure UV lamp (TrojanUV Max Model C) provided by Trojan Technologies. Once water streams passed through the UV treatment they were directed towards two additional separate clearwells which fed the remaining two ARs. During the study, the ARs were monitored once a week for heterotrophic bacteria counts (suspended and biofilm), disinfectant residual and coliforms, as well as other unreported water quality parameters. Bulk samples for HPC bacteria were collected in 100mL IDEXX bottles containing 10% w/v sodium thiosulfate to quench disinfectant residual. The PVC coupons were removed aseptically and placed in sterile 50mL glass containing PBS and 0.1% w/v sodium thiosulfate. Both samples were shipped overnight to Dalhousie University laboratory where the attached cells on coupons were immediately removed by the scraping method as described by Gagnon and Slawson (1999). The scrapings were vortexed and plated on R2A agar to determine heterotrophic plate counts. New coupons that were treated with ethanol were used to replace those that had been removed and shipped from each AR. The process for enumeration of HPC bacteria involved a standard spread plate technique as described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st edition) on R2A agar (Difco Laboratories). Coliforms were enumerated using the IDEXX Colilert® Quanti-tray® system. Commercially available sterile bottles containing sodium thiosulfate were used to collect the 100-mL samples. Statistical tests were performed and repeated for the various combinations of disinfectants. In addition, statistical tests compared the significant differences between the average influent and effluent values for the w