1.1 本指南旨在帮助开发用于以下方面的概念性场地模型:( 1. )整合各种来源的技术信息( 2. )支持选择样品位置以确定物质的背景浓度( 3. )确定数据需求并指导数据收集活动，以及( 4. )评估受污染场地对人类健康和环境造成的风险。本指南通常描述了概念性场地模型的主要组件，提供了开发模型的大纲，并给出了模型各部分的示例。本指南不提供特定场地概念性场地模型的详细描述，因为受污染场地的条件可能因场地而异。 1.2 以英寸为单位的数值- 磅或国际单位将被视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.3 本指南适用于任何受污染的现场。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 通过现场调查获得的信息用于表征现场存在的物理、生物和化学系统。描述了确定污染物释放、污染物迁移和环境受体暴露于污染物的过程，并将其集成到概念现场模型中。 5.2 该模型的开发对于确定潜在的暴露途径（例如摄入和吸入）以及提出污染物对人类健康和环境的可能影响至关重要。需要明确识别与概念现场模型相关的不确定性，以便努力将这些不确定性降低到可接受的水平。模型的早期版本通常基于有限或不完整的信息，将识别并强调应解决的不确定性。 5.3 概念站点模型用于整合所有站点信息，并确定包括数据在内的信息是否缺失（数据缺口），以及是否需要在站点收集其他信息。此外，该模型还用于促进补救方案的选择，并评估补救措施在减少环境受体接触污染物方面的有效性。 5.4 本指南无意取代在受污染（包括放射污染）场所进行环境现场特征描述的监管要求。它应该补充现有的指导，并促进采用统一的方法来开发概念性场地模型。 5.5 本指南旨在供所有参与开发概念性场地模型的人员使用。理想情况下，这应包括调查和补救过程所有阶段的代表，例如初步评估、补救调查、基线人类健康和生态风险评估以及可行性研究。 概念站点模型应用于使所有学科的专家能够有效地相互沟通，解决与站点有关的问题，并促进决策过程。 5.6 开发概念场地模型的步骤包括有时统称为场地特征的元素。虽然不在本指南的范围内，但可以在场地整治期间使用概念场地模型。

1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the development of conceptual site models to be used for the following: ( 1 ) integration of technical information from various sources, ( 2 ) support the selection of sample locations for establishing background concentrations of substances, ( 3 ) identify data needs and guide data collection activities, and ( 4 ) evaluate the risk to human health and the environment posed by a contaminated site. This guide generally describes the major components of conceptual site models, provides an outline for developing models, and presents an example of the parts of a model. This guide does not provide a detailed description of a site-specific conceptual site model because conditions at contaminated sites can vary greatly from one site to another. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This guide is intended to apply to any contaminated site. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The information gained through the site investigation is used to characterize the physical, biological, and chemical systems existing at a site. The processes that determine contaminant releases, contaminant migration, and environmental receptor exposure to contaminants are described and integrated in a conceptual site model. 5.2 Development of this model is critical for determining potential exposure routes (for example, ingestion and inhalation) and for suggesting possible effects of the contaminants on human health and the environment. Uncertainties associated with the conceptual site model need to be identified clearly so that efforts can be taken to reduce these uncertainties to acceptable levels. Early versions of the model, which are usually based on limited or incomplete information, will identify and emphasize the uncertainties that should be addressed. 5.3 The conceptual site model is used to integrate all site information and to determine whether information including data are missing (data gaps) and whether additional information needs to be collected at the site. The model is used furthermore to facilitate the selection of remedial alternatives and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions in reducing the exposure of environmental receptors to contaminants. 5.4 This guide is not meant to replace regulatory requirements for conducting environmental site characterizations at contaminated (including radiologically contaminated) sites. It should supplement existing guidance and promote a uniform approach to developing conceptual site models. 5.5 This guide is meant to be used by all those involved in developing conceptual site models. This should ideally include representatives from all phases of the investigative and remedial process, for example, preliminary assessment, remedial investigation, baseline human health and ecological risk assessments, and feasibility study. The conceptual site model should be used to enable experts from all disciplines to communicate effectively with one another, resolve issues concerning the site, and facilitate the decision-making process. 5.6 The steps in the procedure for developing conceptual site models include elements sometimes referred to collectively as site characterization. Although not within the scope of this guide, the conceptual site model can be used during site remediation.