本文描述了检验三种完整性测试方法的中试规模研究 通过NF和RO膜系统定量去除病毒 单元件单元和两级系统配置，并确定 当受到不同类型的病毒感染时，此类系统的病毒清除能力 膜/o型环压缩和污染。评估的三种方法包括 一种生物型（MS-2噬菌体），以前使用过；第二，新的非生物 类型（24纳米聚苯乙烯荧光染色微球和 荧光罗丹明WT[R-WT]染料，分子量496道尔顿）。全部三个 代孕者的雇佣方式旨在显示至少4个对数 通过选择用于测试的NF和RO膜。 压缩方法包括 通过螺旋缠绕NF/RO元件中的一片膜叶诱导的针孔，以及 其中一个渗透管o型环的开裂和部分移除。 试验在两个水源水上进行，分别代表微咸水和淡水 污水类别，包括微过滤二级污水和河水。河水 以低至中度TDS和高TOC为特征，并用 常规明矾混凝、絮凝、沉淀和颗粒介质过滤 用于后续的膜处理。包括7个参考文献、图表。

This paper describes pilot-scale studies that examined three integrity test methods for quantifying virus removal by NF and RO membrane systems when arranged in single element unit and two-stage system configurations, and determining change in virus removal capability of such systems when subject to different types of membrane/o-ring compromization and fouling. The three methods evaluated included one biologic type (MS-2 phage), that has been employed previously; and two, new nonbiologic types (24-nanometer polystyrene fluorescent dyed microspheres and fluorescent Rhodamine WT [R-WT] dye, molecular mass 496 daltons). All three surrogates were employed in a manner intended to show a minimum of 4-logs removal by the NF and RO membranes selected for test. Methods of compromization included a pinhole induced through one membrane leaf in the spiral wound NF/RO element, and both cracking of and removal of sections from one of the permeate tube o-rings. Testing was conducted on two source waters, representing brackish surface water and effluent categories, that included a microfiltered secondary effluent and a river water. The river water is characterized by low to moderate TDS and high TOC and was treated with conventional alum coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and granular media filtration for subsequent membrane processing. Includes 7 references, figures.