本powerpoint演示文稿首先简要概述了评估铅含量的两个抽样活动 蒙特利尔自来水中的浓度。研究目标包括: 描述疾病的发生和来源 蒙特利尔自来水中的颗粒铅； 刺激铅颗粒脱落； 研究铅的生物利用度 粒子； 分析铅颗粒的成分 和鳞片； 确定影响溶解气体的参数 和颗粒铅浓度；和 比较随机日间（RDT）采样与 在停滞30分钟的情况下取样。试验材料和方法 抽样方案包括:2007年，45个LSL房屋，每个房屋3个样本（加上3个子样本） 用于溶解铅的测定）；还有，PSS，9个LSL房屋，5年后再加3个样品 最小值（加3分）- 测定溶解铅的样品）。材料和方法 规模矿床分析包括以下内容:Tof模拟人生和 激光拉曼显微镜法； 六根蒙特利尔铅管被拆除 分析； 粒子分析-飞行时间模拟人生（第 对标准的需求）；和 分析了10种典型颗粒。陈述结论:采样方法对铅颗粒物检测的影响表明 停滞后的采样有助于识别源头； 然而，如果在停滞之前进行冲洗，则可能 清除LSL和管道中积聚的颗粒； 随机日间抽样已被证明可以估计 面临然而，它并没有系统地消除 LSL和管道中颗粒的出现；信息技术 可以更好地估计铅颗粒暴露量； 通过改变流量产生液压扰动 在水龙头处，水的脱落大大增加 颗粒金属（如van Den Hoven，2006年观察到的）；通过改变流量产生液压扰动 在水龙头处，水的脱落大大增加 颗粒金属（如van Den Hoven，2006年观察到的）；颗粒铅的两个主要来源是 1升（黄铜、焊料）中的管道腐蚀，以及 氧化铁颗粒对LSL中铅的吸附 来自分销系统和其他“外国” 粒子（Schock，1989，Hulsmann，1990），等等 腐蚀条件（Cl2、溶解铁），主要在 第二升和5分钟后的第二升； 这一假设得到了氧化皮和沉积物的证实 颗粒分析；和 数据分析表明，铅含量出现峰值 与锡、铜或锌钉同时使用。蒙特利尔的结论: 可能存在背景颗粒铅 与更具腐蚀性的环境和 铁的存在； 溶解铁/较高的Cl2残留物； LSL中铅在铁或“外来”颗粒上的吸附 存在，并出现低颗粒铅 浓度（2L，5min）；和 高颗粒铅浓度偶尔出现 由于黄铜和焊料的腐蚀和脱落。包括表格、数字。

This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of two sampling campaigns to evaluate lead concentrations in Montreal's tap water. Study objectives included the following: characterize the occurrence and source of particulate lead in Montreal tap water; stimulate lead particle detachment; investigate the bioavailability of lead particles; analyze the composition of lead particles and scales; determine parameters affecting dissolved and particulate lead concentrations; and, compare random daytime (RDT) sampling vs sampling with 30 minutes of stagnation. Materials and methods for the sampling protocol included the following: 2007, 45 LSL houses, 3 samples each (plus 3 sub-samples for determination of dissolved Pb); and, PSS, 9 LSL houses, 3 extra samples after 5 min (plus 3 sub-samples for determination of dissolved Pb). Materials and methods for scale deposit analysis included the following: Tof-Sims and Laser Raman Microscopy methods; six Montreal lead pipes were analyzed; particle analysis - Tof-Sims (no need for standards); and, ten typical particles analyzed. Presentation conclusions: the impact of sampling approach on the detection of Pb particulates indicated that sampling after stagnation is useful to identify the source; however, if flushing is conducted prior to stagnation, it may eliminate particles accumulated in LSL and premise plumbing; random daytime sampling has been shown to estimate exposure; however, it does not systematically eliminate the occurrence of particles in the LSL and premise plumbing; it may produce a better estimate of Pb particulate exposure; creating hydraulic disturbances by varying flow rates at the tap increases considerably the detachment of particulate metals (as observed by van Den Hoven, 2006); creating hydraulic disturbances by varying flow rates at the tap increases considerably the detachment of particulate metals (as observed by van Den Hoven, 2006); two dominant sources of particulate lead were premise plumbing corrosion in 1st liter (brass, solder), and adsorption of lead from LSL on iron oxide particles from the distribution system and other "foreign" particles (Schock, 1989, Hulsmann, 1990), and more corrosive conditions (Cl2, dissolved iron), mainly in the 2nd liter and the liter after 5 min; this hypothesis is confirmed by scale deposit and particle analysis; and, data analysis showed that lead spikes occurred simultaneously with tin, copper or zinc spikes. Conclusion for Montreal: presence of background particulate lead could be associated with more corrosive conditions and the presence of iron; dissolved iron/higher Cl2 residuals; adsorption of lead from LSL on iron or "foreign" particles exists, and occurrence of low particulate Pb concentrations (2L, 5min); and, high particulate lead concentration occurs sporadically due to corrosion and detachment of brass and solder. Includes tables, figures.