本幻灯片演示概述了自然有机物（NOM）膜污染及其去除，以减少消毒副产物的形成。概述了NOM的主要类型以及用于控制的三种主要方法 低压膜过滤中的污染。概述了三个案例研究，包括试点研究 设计了三个地点的评估 测试各种技术，为 膜污染的控制与控制 减少废水中副产物的形成 膜过滤系统。由于固体含量高，只有 外流-内流结构 驾驶。这三个案例研究分别位于德克萨斯州的阿比林、威奇托瀑布和谢尔曼。德克萨斯州阿比林的第一个案例研究集中于评估颜色和总有机碳 （TOC）未经澄清的移除。结果表明 这两种系统都满足有机去除的要求 使用直接过滤（无澄清剂）的目标，以及 高剂量的凝固剂没有起作用 显著提高性能 中等剂量。第二个案例研究 威奇托瀑布专注于比较 凝血和 凝固/沉淀。结果表明，高固形物和有机物含量 威奇托瀑布需要水源 预处理前的絮凝和澄清 低压膜， 化学清洗似乎有所改善 表现，以及 固体和有机物含量仍然很低 对一个供应商来说是有问题的。德克萨斯州谢尔曼的第三个案例侧重于比较 混凝和化学清洗。结果表明 两种污垢管理方法 我们成功地实现了 要求的30天CIP间隔，以及 化学清洗效果更好 经济学每个案例研究都给出了试点流程图，以及试点结果和成本评估。包括表格、数字。

This slide presentation outlines natural organic matter (NOM) membrane fouling and its removal to reduce disinfection byproduct formation. Major types of NOM are outlined along with the three primary means used to control fouling in low pressure membrane filtration. Three case studies are outlined that consisted of pilot evaluations at three locations designed to test various techniques for the control of membrane fouling and the reduction of byproduct formation in membrane filtration systems. Because of the high solids loading, only outside-in flow configurations were piloted. The three case studies were located in Abilene, Wichita Falls, and Sherman, Texas. The first case study in Abilene, Texas focused on evaluating color and total organic carbon (TOC) removal without clarification. The outcome demonstrated that both systems met organic removal goals using direct filtration (no clarifier), and high doses of coagulant did not significantly improve performance over moderate dosages. The second case study in Wichita Falls focused on comparing coagulation and coagulation/sedimentation. The outcome demonstrated that high solids and organic levels in the Wichita Falls water source required flocculation AND clarification prior to the low pressure membranes, chemical wash appeared to improve performance, and solids and organic loadings were still problematic for one supplier. The third case in Sherman, Texas focused on comparing coagulation and chemical washing. The outcome demonstrated that both fouling management approaches were successful in achieving the required 30-day CIP interval, and chemical wash provided better economics. Pilot process flow diagrams are given for each case study, along with pilot results and cost evaluations. Includes tables, figures.