1.1 本指南旨在阐明用于替代包装性能测试的危险材料的非危险颗粒固体替代品的选择、使用和描述标准。这包括识别可能影响包装性能和测试结果的替代非危险固体测试填充材料的物理参数，在选择和描述符合《危险材料条例》（HMR）要求的测试填充材料时应予以考虑。本指南适用于具有流动特性的颗粒固体材料的包装试验程序。 它不适用于危险物品。 1.2 本指南提供了信息，以帮助包装用户、制造商和性能测试服务供应商了解在选择替代填充物进行测试时应考虑的物理财产类型，美国交通部在49 CFR HMR中采用的联合国包装协议（联合国危险货物运输建议示范条例）下的包装认证和制造。 1.3 本指南提供了关于填充物质物理特性的建议最低限度信息，这些信息应记录在认证测试报告和通知用户中，以允许测试重复性和分析，并为包装的使用者提供潜在危险货物和包装测试所用填充物质之间相关物理差异的指导。 1.4 本指南并不旨在解决有关填充物质与运输包装相容性的监管要求。相容性要求必须单独评估，但应注意的是，根据某些国家和国际危险品法规，可根据化学相容性要求规定包装性能测试填充物质的选择。 注1: 根据美国HMR，根据49 CFR§173的规定，确定包装与特定危险填充材料的兼容性是“提供危险材料进行运输的人员的责任”。 第24（e）条。 1.5 当测试用于危险品（危险品）的包装设计时，本指南的使用者应根据49 CFR§172.700和其他适用的危险品法规（如ICAO技术说明、IMDG规范、其他适用的国家或国际危险品法规）进行培训，授权用于运输危险货物的包装的制造和使用，以及国际航空运输协会危险货物条例等承运人规则。 1.6 测量单位与HMR一致。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 规定危险材料包装测试程序的法规允许用非危险填充材料代替包装性能测试，并规定了某些限制和提供了指导（见49 CFR 178.602（c））。在常见的行业实践中，该监管指导已被证明足够灵活，以在包装性能测试的填充材料选择上产生足以导致不一致和不可重复的测试结果的变化。在这个高度监管的行业中，这种变化在产品责任、包装选择和监管执行方面造成了重大问题。 使用本指南应提高测试程序的一致性。 5.2 一致和可重复的测试结果，加上清晰的测试填充产品描述，将通过简化包装选择来提高运输安全性。这也将提高人们的普遍信心，即包装测试、制造和使用是以健全的、普遍接受的工程原理为指导的。它也有助于澄清包装行业和监管机构之间的期望。 5.3 包装制造商和包装测试实验室将使用该指南来制定满足客户需求并符合HMR的包装测试计划。 此外，对于包装的使用者来说，测试报告和/或通知说明中必须提供有关用于测试包装的材料的类型和物理特性的某些信息，以便评估特定包装是否使用适合运输危险材料的替代材料进行了测试。

1.1 The purpose of this guide is to clarify the selection, use, and description criteria of non-hazardous particulate solid substitutes used to replace hazardous materials for the purpose of performance testing packagings. This includes identification of the physical parameters of substitute non-hazardous solid test fill materials that may affect packaging performance and test results and should be considered when selecting and describing a test fill material that conforms to the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). This guide is intended for use with package testing procedures for particulate solid materials that have flow characteristics. It is not intended for use with hazardous articles. 1.2 This guide provides information to assist packaging users, manufacturers, and performance testing service suppliers regarding the types of physical properties that should be considered when selecting substitute filling substances for the testing, certification and manufacture of packagings under the United Nations packaging protocols (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Model Regulations) as adopted by US DOT in 49 CFR HMR. 1.3 This guide provides the suggested minimum information concerning the physical characteristics of the filling substances that should be documented in the certification test report and notification to users to allow for test repeatability and analysis, and to provide guidance to the user of a packaging of pertinent physical differences between potential hazardous lading and the filling substance with which the packaging was tested. 1.4 This guide does not purport to address regulatory requirements regarding the compatibility of filling substances with transport packagings. Compatibility requirements must be assessed separately, but it should be noted that under certain national and international dangerous goods regulations, the selection of the filling substances for package performance testing may be prescribed with respect to chemical compatibility requirements. Note 1: Under the US HMR determination of packaging compatibility with a particular hazardous fill material is “the responsibility of the person offering the hazardous material for transportation” as prescribed in 49 CFR § 173.24(e). 1.5 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, other applicable national or international dangerous goods regulations that govern the testing, manufacture and use of packagings authorized for the transportation of dangerous goods, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. 1.6 The units of measurement are consistent with the HMR. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Regulations prescribing the test procedures for hazardous materials packaging allow for the substitution of non-hazardous fill materials for packaging performance tests with certain limitations prescribed and guidance offered (see 49 CFR 178.602(c)). This regulatory guidance has proven to be flexible enough, in common industry practice, to produce variations in the selection of fill materials for package performance tests sufficient to cause inconsistent and non-repeatable test results. This variation creates significant problems in product liability, packaging selection and regulatory enforcement in this highly regulated industry. Use of this guide should enhance uniformity in test procedures. 5.2 Consistent and repeatable test results coupled with clear test fill product descriptions will enhance transportation safety by simplifying packaging selection. This will also increase the general level of confidence that package testing, manufacture, and use are being guided by sound, generally accepted engineering principles. It also aids in clarifying expectations between the packaging industry and the regulatory authorities. 5.3 The guide will be used by packaging manufacturers and packaging test labs to create packaging test plans that meet customer needs and conform to the HMR. In addition, for the user of a packaging, certain information about the type and physical characteristics of the material used to test the packaging must be available in the test report and/or notification instruction to allow evaluation of whether a particular packaging was tested with a substitute material appropriate for the hazardous material to be shipped.