1.1 本指南介绍了清理和修复海洋和湖泊海岸线、河岸和其他内陆水体海岸线以及陆地栖息地搁浅石油的方法。任何对策的主要目标都是帮助恢复，同时尽量减少额外影响。 1.2 本指南介绍了22种可供考虑的不同策略。这些选择包括从自然恢复到积极的物理或生化干预。 1.3 列出的策略可能并不适用于所有可能的情况，多种对策可能适用于同一海岸线、河岸、湖岸或陆地栖息地。 1.4 本指南描述了选择适当响应对策或技术的技术注意事项。 1.5 溢油响应期间使用的具体对策的选择取决于石油的性质、注油程度、现场可达性、地貌、基质和植被类型、可用设备的流动性、水文（沿海和内陆）和气象条件，以及敏感自然和考古资源的存在。 建议咨询适当的监管机构，因为某些响应选项可能需要政府授权或批准，或两者都需要。 1.6 本指南不涉及对淹没、沉没或埋藏石油的响应。 1.7 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值:因此，每个系统应独立于另一个系统使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 一旦使用适当的程序确定并记录了注油的范围和类型（见指南 F1686 和 F1687 )，决定现场清理和恢复的适当行动方案。在某些情况下，自然恢复（伴随监测）可能是首选方法，而在其他情况下，积极应对可能是首选和适当的。本指南总结了海岸线、湿地和地形栖息地可用的主要响应技术。 4.2 本指南旨在最大限度地减少过度攻击性使用响应技术或在不合适的条件或栖息地中对环境造成额外影响的可能性。 4.3 在节中 5. ，中讨论了可能限制给定技术适用性的典型考虑因素 约束条件 . 适用于自然恢复以外的所有技术的一个例子是，在具有已知文化或历史重要资源的地点进行任何响应操作可能需要特别许可。此外，在第节中 5. 中提供了使用特定技术的主要权衡概要 环境影响 .

1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats. The primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact. 1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to active physical or biochemical intervention. 1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures could be appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or terrestrial habitat. 1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting appropriate response countermeasures or techniques. 1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of oiling, site accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegetation type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with appropriate regulatory authorities since certain response options may require government authorization or approval, or both. 1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged, sunken or buried oil. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Once the extent and type of oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F1686 and F1687 ), decisions are made on the appropriate course of action for site cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery (accompanied by monitoring) can be the preferred approach whereas in other cases, active response may be preferred and appropriate. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available for shoreline, wetland, and terrain habitats. 4.2 This guide is intended to minimize the potential for added impact to the environment from use of response techniques in an overly-aggressive manner or in unsuitable conditions or habitats. 4.3 In Section 5 , typical considerations, which can limit the applicability of a given technique are addressed in Constraints . An example that is applicable to all techniques other the natural recovery, is special permission will likely be needed for any response operations at sites with known culturally or historically important resources. Also, in Section 5 , a synopsis of main trade-offs from use of a particular technique is provided in Environmental Effects .