1.1 本试验方法涵盖了确定柴油曲轴箱发动机油以及其他类型发动机油分散性优点的程序，其中不同来源的污染物（如燃烧产生的烟尘、磨损产生的金属颗粒、机械零件的腐蚀以及油氧化产生的不溶性产物）可能污染润滑剂。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 注1: 本试验方法的目的不是为任何机械建立或建议正常、警戒、警告或警戒极限。 应结合机械制造商和维护小组的建议和指导制定此类限制。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 分散性是指允许油悬浮和带走各种来源的污染物的特性，例如燃烧产生的烟尘、磨损产生的金属颗粒、机械零件的腐蚀以及油老化产生的不溶性产物。 5.2 当倒在特定的滤纸上时，适当分散烟尘和其他不溶物的油会产生均匀的刻度点。 不同区域的分布( 图1 )将反映油的分散性状态。 图1 油点实例及分区分布方案 5.3 当油在滤纸上扩散时，油携带污染物，并且由于油膜的层压现象，相同尺寸的颗粒沉积在同一同心区域的滤纸上。 5.4 该试验方法为在用润滑剂分散性能的状态监测提供了一种简单的技术。 5.5 适当分散烟灰和其他不溶物的油会产生均匀的刻度吸油器（参见 图2 -点1）。圆形斑点外圆周上的一圈轻碎屑也表明，石油保留了其分散性。 图2 油点示例 5.6 吸油器指示高烟灰负荷，但即使有刻度，也表明机油仍然适合使用，但应密切观察其降解情况（请参阅 图2 -点2）。 5.7 当分散性开始下降时，不溶物开始在吸收油滴的外部形成一个致密的环，如 图2 -第3点。吸墨器斑点上的棕色或黄色斑点表示氧化。 5.8 图2 -点4表示特征性的密集黑点和尖锐的边缘，表明颗粒已沉降在中心，而油已向外扩散，因此出现污泥和分散性损失。 5.9 从维护角度来看，当吸油器外部开始形成环时，是时候考虑排油了。如果允许形成黑点，这种情况是有问题的，因为沉积在表面上的烟灰的未分散部分不会通过换油而清除。通常，需要经常进行多次更换，以有效地清洗发动机。 此外，如果分散性能以异常快的速度下降，则应更广泛地审查燃烧和环性能。

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as well as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the lubricant. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Dispersancy is the property that allows oil to suspend and carry away pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the aging of the oil. 5.2 When poured on a specific filter paper, oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated spot. The distribution of the different zones ( Fig. 1 ) will reflect the status of oil dispersancy. FIG. 1 Oil Spot Example and Scheme of the Distribution of the Different Zones 5.3 While the oil spreads out on the filter paper, the oil carries contaminants, and due to the lamination phenomenon of the oil film, the particles of same size deposit on the paper on the same concentric zones. 5.4 This test method provides a simple technique for condition monitoring of the dispersancy property of in-service lubricants. 5.5 An oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated blotter (see Fig. 2 —Spot 1). A ring of light debris on the outer circumference of the circular spot also indicates that the oil has retained its dispersancy properties. FIG. 2 Oil Spot Examples 5.6 A blotter indicating a high soot load, but even graduation, suggests the oil is still fit for service, but should be watched closely for degradation (see Fig. 2 —Spot 2). 5.7 When dispersancy begins to fail, the insolubles begin to form a dense ring on the exterior of the absorbing oil drop as in Fig. 2 —Spot 3. A brown or yellow stain on the blotter spot indicates oxidation. 5.8 Fig. 2 —Spot 4 indicates the characteristic dense black dot and sharp periphery that indicates sludge and the loss of dispersancy as the particles have settled in the center and the oil has wicked outward. 5.9 From a maintenance perspective, when the ring begins to form around the exterior of the oil blotter, it is time to look at scheduling a drain. If the black dot is allowed to form, the situation is problematic because the undispersed portion of soot that has deposited upon surfaces will not be removed by the oil change. Often, several changes made at frequent intervals will be required to effectively scour the engine clean. Also, if dispersancy performance degrades at an unusually rapid pace, a more extensive review of combustion and ring performance should be undertaken.