1.1 本试验方法包括测定未使用的含有添加剂的润滑油和用于配制的添加剂浓缩物中的硫酸盐灰分。这些添加剂通常含有以下一种或多种金属:钡、钙、镁、锌、钾、钠和锡。元素硫、磷和氯也可以以组合的形式存在。 1.2 本试验方法在低于0.02的硫酸盐灰分水平上的应用 % 按质量计  仅限于含有无灰添加剂的油。 试验方法的下限为0.005 % 按硫酸化灰的质量计。 注1: 本试验方法不用于分析用过的发动机油或含铅机油。也不建议用于非添加性润滑油的分析，其试验方法 D482 可以使用。 注2: 有证据表明，在本试验中，镁与其他碱金属的反应不同。如果存在镁添加剂，则应谨慎解读数据。 注3: 有证据表明，含有钼的样品可能给出较低的结果，因为钼化合物在灰化温度下不能完全回收。 1.3 符合EN标准的脂肪酸甲酯（FAME） 14213和EN 14214在使用该测试方法进行测试时，被证明符合其精度。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 硫酸盐灰分可用于指示新油中已知含金属添加剂的浓度。当磷不存在时，钡、钙、镁、钠和钾转化为硫酸盐，锡和锌转化为氧化物( 注释4 ). 硫和氯不会干扰，但当磷与金属共存时，它会以金属磷酸盐的形式部分或全部留在硫酸化灰中。 注4: 由于硫酸锌在试验方法中规定的点火温度下缓慢分解为氧化物，因此含有锌的样品可能会给出不同的结果，除非硫酸锌完全转化为氧化物。 5.2 由于上述元素间干扰，实验获得的硫酸化灰分值可能与通过元素分析计算的硫酸化灰烬值不同。 这种非硫酸盐物种的形成取决于灰化的温度、灰化的时间和油中存在的金属化合物的组成。因此，在买方和卖方之间没有明确了解灰分值作为总金属化合物含量指标的不可靠性的情况下，通常不应在产品规范中使用硫酸盐灰分要求。 4.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sulfated ash from unused lubricating oils containing additives and from additive concentrates used in compounding. These additives usually contain one or more of the following metals: barium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and tin. The elements sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine can also be present in combined form. 1.2 Application of this test method to sulfated ash levels below 0.02 % by mass  is restricted to oils containing ashless additives. The lower limit of the test method is 0.005 % by mass sulfated ash. Note 1: This test method is not intended for the analysis of used engine oils or oils containing lead. Neither is it recommended for the analysis of nonadditive lubricating oils, for which Test Method D482 can be used. Note 2: There is evidence that magnesium does not react the same as other alkali metals in this test. If magnesium additives are present, the data is interpreted with caution. Note 3: There is evidence that samples containing molybdenum can give low results because molybdenum compounds are not fully recovered at the temperature of ashing. 1.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conforming to EN 14213 and EN 14214, when tested using this test method, were shown to meet its precision. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The sulfated ash can be used to indicate the concentration of known metal-containing additives in new oils. When phosphorus is absent, barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are converted to their sulfates and tin (stannic) and zinc to their oxides ( Note 4 ). Sulfur and chlorine do not interfere, but when phosphorus is present with metals, it remains partially or wholly in the sulfated ash as metal phosphates. Note 4: Since zinc sulfate slowly decomposes to its oxide at the ignition temperature specified in the test method, samples containing zinc can give variable results unless the zinc sulfate is completely converted to the oxide. 5.2 Because of above inter-element interferences, experimentally obtained sulfated ash values may differ from sulfated ash values calculated from elemental analysis. The formation of such non-sulfated species is dependent on the temperature of ashing, time ashed, and the composition of metal compounds present in oils. Hence, sulfated ash requirement generally should not be used in product specifications without a clear understanding between a buyer and a seller of the unreliability of an ash value as an indicator of the total metallic compound content. 4