1.1 本指南涵盖了如果考虑反渗透（RO）或纳滤（NF）应用，应对任何给定的水样进行的分析。（另请参见测试方法 第511页 , D512 , 第513页 , 第516页 , D858天 , D859天 , 第888天 , 2006年10月 , 第1179天 , 第1253天 , 第1293天 , 第1889天 , 第352页 , 第370页 , 第3561页 , 第3867页 , 第4189页 , 第4194天 和 第4382页 .) 1.2 本指南适用于包括微咸水和海水在内的水域，但不一定适用于废水。 1.3 这只是一个指南，不应被解释为对已知存在于水中的所有离子的描绘。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 RO或NF膜的性能受到进料溶液组成的强烈影响。总的排盐率取决于单价离子与多价离子的比例以及存在的离子的总和。RO或NF装置的渗透物流速也取决于存在的离子的总和以及操作温度、压力和回收率。本指南中进行的分析和测量将为特定给水的RO或NF系统的排盐和渗透物流量预测提供重要数据。 5.2 RO或NF系统可以安全操作的回收率取决于进料溶液的组成。本指南中进行的分析和测量将为计算给定进料溶液的RO或NF系统的最大回收率提供数据。 5.3 本指南中进行的分析和测量将对确定给定给水上RO或NF系统的预处理要求有很大帮助。

1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered. (See also Test Methods D511 , D512 , D513 , D516 , D858 , D859 , D888 , D1068 , D1179 , D1253 , D1293 , D1889 , D3352 , D3370 , D3561 , D3867 , D4189 , D4194 , and D4382 .) 1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters. 1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The performance of RO or NF membranes is strongly influenced by the composition of the feed solution. Overall salt rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to polyvalent ions as well as the sum total of ions present. The permeate flow rate of RO or NF devices is also dependent upon the sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature, pressure, and recovery rate. Analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide vital data for salt rejection and permeate flow projections of RO or NF systems for specific feedwaters. 5.2 The recovery at which a RO or NF system can be safely operated is dependent upon the composition of the feed solution. The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide data for the calculation of the maximum recovery of a RO or NF system for a given feed solution. 5.3 The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will be of great assistance in determining the pretreatment requirements for a RO or NF system on a given feedwater.