1.1 本试验方法涵盖实验室测定替代海水中防污（AF）涂层释放铜的速率。该方法定量铜释放率的实际极限为1.8至500μg cm -2 d -1 . 该范围可扩展至0.2至500μg cm -2 d -1 如果分析程序如 附录X1 遵循。 注1: 本标准中使用的术语“替代海水”是指按照惯例制备的人工或合成海水 D1141 . 1.2 该程序包含测定防污涂料中铜释放率的准备步骤，包括仪器、试剂、储罐条件和采样点细节。分析替代海水中的铜浓度需要在低部分μg L下准确测定铜 -1 （十亿分之一，ppb）水平。为了检测和校正试剂杂质，需要可接受的分析精度标准。 因此，用于分析方法的替代海水中铜的定量限（LOQ）应为10μg L -1 （10 ppb）或更少。测定分析方法用替代海水中铜的定量限的程序见 附件A2 . 1.3 中描述了一种合适的方法 附录X1 （石墨炉原子吸收光谱法）。其他分析方法可根据需要与相关程序更改一起使用，以适应选定的特定方法。此类方法必须满足10μg L替代海水中铜的定量限 -1 （10 ppb）或更少。看见 1.2 . 1.4 本试验方法的结果不反映防污产品的环境铜释放率，不适合直接用于生成环境风险评估、环境负荷估计或出于监管目的确定释放率限值的过程。 另请参见第节 4. 关于意义和用途。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 7. . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本试验方法旨在提供一种实验室程序，以量化和表征在恒温、pH、盐度和低铜浓度的指定实验室条件下，在替代海水中浸泡一段时间后，防污涂层中铜的释放速率。 释放速率的定量测量有助于选择材料、提供质量控制和理解性能机制。 4.2 本试验方法的结果确定了在受控实验室条件下，在至少45天的暴露时间内，防污涂层中铜的释放模式。在用防污漆的铜释放率随涂层系统的使用寿命而变化，这取决于配方以及环境的物理和化学性质。停泊位置、操作时间表、服务时间、漆膜表面状况、温度、pH值和盐度等因素的差异会影响环境条件下的实际释放速率。使用本试验方法获得的结果并不能反映在役时的实际铜释放率，但提供了在规定的实验室条件下，不同防污配方在替代海水中的释放率的比较。 4.3 通过与通过直接测量船体上AF涂层系统的铜释放率或从港口暴露面板上AF涂层系统的铜释放率测量获得的铜释放率测量值进行比较，所有可用数据表明本试验方法的结果（试验方法 D6442 )与在用条件下的释放速率相比，明显高估了铜的释放速率。公布的结果表明，对于在役船体和港口暴露面板上的相同涂层，该测试方法产生的铜释放率测量值高于直接现场测量值。根据几种商用防污涂料的数据，该试验方法的结果与面板和船舶研究的结果之间的差异高达约30倍。 3. , 4. 在使用条件下，只能通过本试验方法获得船体铜释放的实际估计值，其中本试验方法获得的结果与AF涂层释放率之间的差异在- 考虑了服务。 4.4 如果本试验方法的结果用于生成环境风险评估、环境负荷估计或监管目的，强烈建议考虑实验室释放速率和实际环境输入之间的关系，以便更准确地近似真实条件下防污涂层的铜释放速率。这可以通过应用适当的校正因子来实现。 4.

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the rate at which copper is released from an antifouling (AF) coating in substitute ocean water. The practical limits for quantifying copper release rates by this method are from 1.8 to 500 μg cm -2 d -1 . This range may be extended to 0.2 to 500 μg cm -2 d -1 if the analytical procedure described in Appendix X1 is followed. Note 1: The term “substitute ocean water” is used throughout this standard to refer to artificial or synthetic seawater prepared in accordance with Practice D1141 . 1.2 The procedure contains the preparation steps for the release rate determination of copper from antifouling paints including apparatus, reagents, holding tank conditions, and sampling point details. Analysis for the concentration of copper in substitute ocean water requires the accurate determination of copper at the low parts μg L -1 (parts per billion, ppb) level. To detect and correct for reagent impurities, acceptable analytical precision standards are necessary. Therefore, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for copper in substitute ocean water for the analytical method shall be 10 μg L -1 (10 ppb) or less. The procedure for determining the LOQ for copper in substitute ocean water for the analytical method is found in Annex A2 . 1.3 A suitable method is described in Appendix X1 (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, GF-AAS). Other analytical methods may be utilized with relevant procedural changes, as needed, to accommodate selected specific methods. Such methods must meet the limit of quantitation for copper in substitute ocean water of 10 μg L -1 (10 ppb) or less. See 1.2 . 1.4 This results of this test method do not reflect environmental copper release rates for antifouling products, and are not suitable for direct use in the process of generating environmental risk assessments, environmental loading estimates, or for establishing release rate limits for regulatory purposes. See also Section 4 on Significance and Use. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test method is designed to provide a laboratory procedure to quantify and characterize the release rates of copper from antifouling coatings in substitute ocean water over a period of immersion under specified laboratory conditions of constant temperature, pH, salinity, and low copper concentration. Quantitative measurement of the release rate is necessary to help in selection of materials, in providing quality control, and in understanding the performance mechanism. 4.2 Results from this test method establish a pattern of copper release from an antifouling coating over a minimum of 45 days exposure under controlled laboratory conditions. Copper release rates from antifouling paints in-service vary over the life of the coating system depending on the formulation and on the physical and chemical properties of the environment. Factors such as differences in berthing locations, operating schedules, length of service, condition of paint film surface, temperature, pH, and salinity influence the actual release rate under environmental conditions. Results obtained using this test method do not reflect actual copper release rates that will occur in-service, but provide comparisons of the release rate of different antifouling formulations in substitute ocean water under the prescribed laboratory conditions. 4.3 By comparison with copper release rate measurements obtained either by direct measurements of copper release rate from AF coating systems on ship hulls, or copper release rate measurements from AF coating systems from harbor exposed panels, all available data indicate that the results of this test method (Test Method D6442 ) significantly overestimate the release rate of copper when compared to release rates under in-service conditions. Published results demonstrate that this test method produces higher measurements of copper release rate than from direct in-situ measurements for the same coating on in-service ship hulls and harbor-exposed panels. The difference between the results of this test method and the panel and ship studies was up to a factor of about 30 based on data for several commercial antifouling coatings. 3 , 4 Realistic estimates of the copper release from a ship's hull under in-service conditions can only be obtained from this test method where the difference between the results obtained by this test method and the release rate from an AF coating in-service is taken into account. 4.4 Where the results of this test method are used in the process of generating environmental risk assessments, for environmental loading estimates, or for regulatory purposes, it is most strongly recommended that the relationship between laboratory release rates and actual environment inputs is taken into account to allow a more accurate approximation of the copper release rate from antifouling coatings under real-life conditions. This can be accomplished through the application of appropriate correction factors. 4