1.1 本规范涵盖了与标称直径为 1. / 2. 英寸至3英寸和M14至M80。这些垫圈适用于螺栓、螺母、双头螺栓、DTI和其他内螺纹和外螺纹紧固件的通用机械和结构用途。这些垫圈适用于技术规范中所述的紧固件 A354 ， 1993年/1993年 ， 1994年/1.94亿澳元 ， A320/A320M ， F959/F959M ， A449 ， A563 ， 563万 和 F3125 。 1.2 垫圈由指定 风格 表示形状，通过 类型 表示材料，并以英寸或公制尺寸表示。 1.2.1 所涵盖的垫圈类型有: 1.2.1.1 反应-- 圆形垫圈，一侧有滚花表面，外径轮廓设计用于与安装工具连接。 1.2.1.2 备份-- 两侧有滚花表面的圆形垫圈。 1.2.2 所涵盖的垫圈类型包括: 1.2.2.1 类型1-- 中碳或中碳合金钢。 1.2.2.2 类型3-- 耐候钢。本规范规定，根据供应商的选择，提供化学成分或腐蚀指数（CRI）为6或更高的类型3。 1.3 对于英制紧固件，以英寸-磅单位表示的值和公制紧固件的国际单位制表示的值应单独视为标准。每个系统中规定的值可能不是完全相等的；因此，每个系统应独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能导致不符合标准。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。

1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel Backup and Reaction washers for use with fasteners having nominal diameters of 1 / 2 in. through 3 in. and M14 through M80. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, DTIs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354 , A193/A193M , A194/A194M , A320/A320M , F959/F959M , A449 , A563 , A563M , and F3125 . 1.2 The washers are designated by style denoting the shape, by type denoting the material, and by inch or metric dimensions. 1.2.1 The styles of washers covered are: 1.2.1.1 Reaction— Circular washers with a knurled surface on one side and a contoured outside diameter designed to couple with the installation tool. 1.2.1.2 Backup— Circular washers having a knurled surface on both sides. 1.2.2 The types of washers covered are: 1.2.2.1 Type 1— Medium Carbon or Medium Carbon Alloy Steel. 1.2.2.2 Type 3— Weathering steel. This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher, at the supplier’s option. 1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.