1.1 这些测试方法包括使用标准测试条件确定反渗透装置的操作特性，不一定适用于天然水。给出了三种测试方法，如下所示: 小节 试验方法A——污水反渗透装置 8 – 14 试验方法B——纳滤装置 15 – 21 试验方法B-海水反渗透装置 22 – 28 1.2 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他测量单位。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 反渗透和纳滤脱盐装置可用于从微咸水供应中生产饮用水（<10 000mg/L）和海水以及提高工业用水的质量。 这些测试方法允许使用标准条件集测量反渗透装置的性能，并用于短期测试（<24小时）。这些测试方法可用于确定反渗透和纳滤装置的运行特性可能发生的变化，但不用于工厂设计。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating characteristics of reverse osmosis devices using standard test conditions and are not necessarily applicable to natural waters. Three test methods are given, as follows: Sections Test Method A—Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Devices 8 – 14 Test Method B—Nanofiltration Devices 15 – 21 Test Method B—Seawater Reverse Osmosis Devices 22 – 28 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration desalinating devices can be used to produce potable water from brackish supplies (<10 000 mg/L) and seawater as well as to upgrade the quality of industrial water. These test methods permit the measurement of the performance of reverse osmosis devices using standard sets of conditions and are intended for short-term testing (<24 h). These test methods can be used to determine changes that may have occurred in the operating characteristics of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration devices but are not intended to be used for plant design.