1.1 本试验方法用于测定热量和可见烟雾的释放速率( 注1 )暴露在不同辐射热水平下的材料、产品或组件。 注1: 可见烟雾是根据试验过程中释放的燃烧产物引起的透射光的模糊程度来描述的（见 14.2.1 ). 1.2 该火灾测试响应方法使用由四个电阻元件组成的辐射热源，通过热电堆热方法评估热释放。 1.3 本试验方法规定了样品在有或没有引燃器的情况下的辐射热暴露。引燃点火是指火焰直接撞击试样（引燃点点火）或使用引燃器点燃试样热解产生的气体。 1.4 从样品注入受控暴露室的那一刻起，测量热释放和烟雾释放。在点火期间（以及在点点火的情况下，表面的渐进火焰卷入）继续测量，直到试验终止。 1.5 本试验方法中描述的装置通常被称为俄亥俄州立大学（OSU）放热率装置。配置A和B是原始设计的变体。 1.6 本试验方法适用于将基本上是平面的材料、产品或组件暴露在恒定的、施加在0 千瓦/米 2. 至80千瓦/米 2. . 1.7 本试验方法中描述的装置已在两种配置中使用。 配置A是联邦航空管理局用于评估飞机使用材料的配置，外部热流为35 kW/m 2. （DOT/FAA/AR-00/12），而配置B适用于各种入射热通量，用于研发目的。 1.8 本试验方法不提供试样在本试验方法规定条件以外的火灾条件下的防火性能信息。本试验方法的已知限制如所述 1.8.1 – 1.8.5 . 1.8.1 热量和烟雾释放速率取决于许多因素，包括表面炭的形成、粘附灰的形成、样品厚度和安装方法。 1.8.2 热释放值是测试的特定试样尺寸（暴露面积）的函数。 对于某些产品，结果不能直接扩展到不同的暴露表面积。 1.8.3 试验方法仅限于材料、产品或组件的规定试样尺寸。如果要测试产品，试样应代表实际使用的产品。试验仅限于暴露一个表面；外露表面的选项为垂直和水平面朝上。 1.8.4 在非常高的试样热释放率下，可能会在烟囱上方观察到燃烧，这使得测试无效。 1.8.5 从水平和垂直方向试样获得的热释放速率值之间没有建立一般关系。应水平测试垂直方向熔化和滴落的试样。 1.9 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.10 防火测试涉及危险材料、操作和设备。参见第节 6. . 1.11 本标准用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控条件下对热量和火焰的响应，但其本身并不包括在实际火灾条件下对材料、产品或组件进行火灾危险或火灾风险评估所需的所有因素。 1.12 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.13 防火测试本身就很危险。在进行这些测试时，应采取适当的人员和财产保护措施。 1.14 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法根据热量和可见烟雾的释放速率，描述了材料试样在指定火灾暴露下的行为。 通过在覆盖一系列热通量的一系列暴露中测试样本，可以确定材料和产品的行为随热通量暴露的变化。 5.2 特定试验获得的数据描述了试样暴露在特定环境条件下时的热量和烟雾释放速率以及执行该试验时使用的程序。 5.3 当使用引燃点点火（冲击）程序时，在渐进参与阶段，样本的整个暴露表面不会燃烧。在渐进表面卷入期间，热量和烟雾的释放速率为“每平方米原始暴露表面面积”，而不是“每平方米火焰卷入表面”。 ” 5.4 热量和烟雾释放率均按每平方米原始暴露表面积计算。如果试样膨胀、下垂、分层或其他变形导致暴露表面积发生变化，则计算的释放率对应于原始面积，而不是新的表面积。 5.5 热释放值取决于点火模式。当火焰快速或立即卷入试样表面时，气相点火提供了更具尺寸一致性的释放速率测量。然而，试点点点火允许在外部热通量从零到满意的气相点火所需的释放速率信息，通常超过20 kW/m 2. 外部暴露。尚未建立两种引燃模式之间的相关性。 5.6 释放速率取决于许多因素，其中一些因素无法控制。产生表面炭、粘附灰层或复合材料或层压板的样品可能无法达到稳态释放速率。热薄试样，即未暴露表面在试验期间发生温度变化的试样，不会达到稳态释放速率。因此，给定材料的释放速率将取决于材料的使用方式、厚度和安装方法。 5.7 热释放值适用于测试的特定试样尺寸（暴露区域）。对于某些产品，结果不能直接扩展到不同的暴露表面积。 5.8 该方法仅限于符合以下要求的材料试样尺寸: 7.1 以及可以从中获得代表实际使用产品的试样的产品。试验仅限于暴露一个表面；曝光方向有两种选择:垂直或水平。如果热释放率为8 kW，则相当于355 kW/m 2. 对于150 毫米[6英寸]到150 毫米[6英寸]垂直试样，或533 千瓦/米 2. 对于100 毫米[4英寸]到150 毫米[6英寸]如果超过水平试样，则烟囱上方有燃烧的危险。 5.9 从水平和垂直方向的试样中获得的释放速率值之间没有建立一般关系。以材料在最终使用条件下定向的形式对试样进行测试。 为了提供更多信息，对垂直方向熔化和滴落的试样进行水平方向的测试。 5.10 释放率测量通过定量测量产品修改引起的耐火试验性能的具体变化，为产品开发提供了有用的信息。 5.11 该试验方法在暴露方法和计算程序方面与试验方法中使用的技术不同 E1354 ，锥形量热仪，使用截锥作为辐射源，通过耗氧量热法评估热释放。

1.1 This test method provides for determining the release rates of heat and visible smoke ( Note 1 ) from materials, products, or assemblies when exposed to different levels of radiant heat. Note 1: Visible smoke is described in terms of the obscuration of transmitted light caused by combustion products released during the tests (see 14.2.1 ). 1.2 This fire-test-response method assesses heat release by a thermal method, thermopile, using a radiant heat source composed of an array of four electrical resistance elements. 1.3 This test method provides for radiant thermal exposure of a specimen both with and without a pilot. Piloted ignition results from direct flame impingement on the specimen (piloted, point ignition) or from use of the pilot to ignite gases evolved by pyrolysis of the specimen. 1.4 Heat and smoke release are measured from the moment the specimen is injected into a controlled exposure chamber. The measurements are continued during the period of ignition (and progressive flame involvement of the surface in the case of point ignition), and to such a time that the test is terminated. 1.5 The apparatus described in this test method is often referred to as the Ohio State University (OSU) rate of heat release apparatus. Configurations A and B are variations on the original design. 1.6 This test method is suitable for exposing essentially planar materials, products or assemblies to a constant, imposed external heat flux that ranges from 0 kW/m 2 to 80 kW/m 2 . 1.7 The apparatus described in this test method has been used in two configurations. Configuration A is that which is used by the Federal Aviation Administration for assessing materials for aircraft use, at an external heat flux of 35 kW/m 2 (DOT/FAA/AR-00/12), while configuration B is suitable, at various incident heat fluxes, for research and development purposes. 1.8 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. Known limitations of this test method are described in 1.8.1 – 1.8.5 . 1.8.1 Heat and smoke release rates depend on a number of factors, including the formation of surface char, the formation of an adherent ash, sample thickness, and the method of mounting. 1.8.2 Heat release values are a function of the specific specimen size (exposed area) tested. Results are not directly scaleable to different exposed surface areas for some products. 1.8.3 The test method is limited to the specified specimen sizes of materials, products, or assemblies. If products are to be tested, the test specimen shall be representative of the product in actual use. The test is limited to exposure of one surface; the options for exposed surface are vertical and horizontal facing up. 1.8.4 At very high specimen heat release rates, it is possible that flaming is observed above the stack, which makes the test invalid. 1.8.5 No general relationship has been established between heat release rate values obtained from horizontally and vertically oriented specimens. Specimens that melt and drip in the vertical orientation shall be tested horizontally. 1.9 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.10 Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See Section 6 . 1.11 This standard is used to measure and describe the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.13 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method provides a description of the behavior of material specimens under a specified fire exposure in terms of the release rate of heat and visible smoke. It is possible to determine the change in behavior of materials and products with change in heat-flux exposure by testing specimens in a series of exposures that cover a range of heat fluxes. 5.2 The data obtained for a specific test describe the rate of heat and smoke release of the specimen when exposed to the specific environmental conditions and procedures used in performing that test. 5.3 The entire exposed surface of the specimen will not be burning during the progressive involvement phase when piloted, point ignition (impingement) procedures are used. During the period of progressive surface involvement, release rates of heat and smoke are “per square metre of original exposed surface area” not “per square metre of flame involved surface.” 5.4 The rates of both heat and smoke release are calculated per square metre of original surface area exposed. If a specimen swells, sags, delaminates, or otherwise deforms so that the exposed surface area changes, calculated release rates correspond to the original area, not to the new surface area. 5.5 Heat-release values depend on mode of ignition. Gas phase ignition gives a more dimensionally consistent measure of release rate when very rapid or immediate flame involvement of the specimen surface occurs. However, piloted, point ignition allows release-rate information to be obtained at external heat flux from zero up to that required for satisfactory gas-phase ignition, usually over 20 kW/m 2 external exposure. No correlation between the two modes of piloted ignition has been established. 5.6 Release rates depend on many factors, some of which cannot be controlled. It is possible that samples that produce a surface char, a layer of adherent ash, or those that are composites or laminates do not attain a steady-state release rate. Thermally thin specimens, that is, specimens whose unexposed surface changes temperature during period of test, will not attain a steady-state release rate. Therefore, release rates for a given material will depend, for example, on how the material is used, its thickness, and the method of mounting. 5.7 Heat-release values are for the specific specimen size (exposed area) tested. Results are not directly scalable to different exposed surface areas for some products. 5.8 The method is limited to specimen sizes of materials in accordance with 7.1 and to products from which it is possible to obtain a test specimen representative of the product in actual use. The test is limited to exposure of one surface; there are two options for exposure orientation: either vertical or horizontal. If a heat release rate of 8 kW, which is equivalent to 355 kW/m 2 for 150 mm [6-in.] by 150 mm [6-in.] vertical specimens, or 533 kW/m 2 for 100 mm [4-in.] by 150 mm [6-in.] horizontal specimens is exceeded, there is danger of combustion occurring above the stack. 5.9 No general relationship between release rate values obtained from horizontally and vertically oriented specimens has been established. Conduct tests on specimens in the form in which the material is oriented in end use conditions. To provide additional information, conduct tests in the horizontal orientation for those specimens that melt and drip in the vertical orientation. 5.10 Release rate measurements provide useful information for product development by giving a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire test performance caused by product modifications. 5.11 This test method differs in both the method of exposure and the calculation procedure from the techniques used in Test Method E1354 , the cone calorimeter, which assesses heat release by oxygen consumption calorimetry, using a truncated cone as a radiant source.