本推荐实施规程描述了与实验室测量全系列客车轮胎的轮胎力和力矩特性的设备相关的一些基本设计要求和操作程序。为了确定轮胎对车辆动态性能的贡献，必须了解这些特性。许多因素影响实验室轮胎力和力矩测量。本推荐做法是作为设备设计和试验操作的指南而编制的，以便不同实验室的数据可以直接比较并应用于车辆设计和轮胎选择问题。 人们认识到，实验室测量定义了受控和理想化情况下的性能，该情况可能不对应于车辆操作环境中遇到的条件。然而，不同实验室几十年的测试经验表明，这些测试可以为评估轮胎性能提供非常有用的基准。在所有可能的条件下进行测试既没有必要也不实际。 有许多因素影响滚动轮胎产生的力和力矩:表面、速度、温度、表面上的水、轮胎操作条件变化的动力学、驱动和制动扭矩等。SAE信息报告J1107讨论了许多与轮胎性能和测试相关的因素的影响，该报告为本推荐实践提供了技术基础。 本推荐实践基于多个实验室用于常规轮胎评估的设备和程序类型。这将本推荐做法的范围限制在测量自由滚动轮胎稳态特性的设备和方法。这些程序旨在表征轮胎在基本上随时间不变或变化足够缓慢以至于动态影响可以忽略不计的工况下的性能（准静态滚动工况）。J1107包括对其他类型的力和力矩测试的一些设备设计和方法考虑的讨论。 本推荐实践包括测量全系列乘用车轮胎的力和力矩特性所需的空间、测量系统范围和精度的具体建议。因为要由特定实验室测试的轮胎尺寸范围可能不同于全范围乘用车轮胎，所以讨论空间、测量系统范围以及在负载能力和待测试轮胎的物理尺寸方面的准确性我将被包括在J1107中。这些替代建议应用于任何设计用于测试除全系列乘用车轮胎以外的一系列轮胎的测试机器。必须强调的是，本推荐做法所依据的经验主要是通过客车轮胎的测试获得的。 这些建议是一组设计和程序目标，大多数使用中的测试设备不会完全满足。现有设备仍然可用于与产品开发相关的比较测试。然而，为了确保实验室之间的测试结果具有可比性，必须遵循本推荐实践中定义的设备和程序。 如果在平坦的刚性表面上进行测试，轮胎力和力矩特性最适用于车辆设计，并为轮胎开发提供最佳指导。大多数日常使用的平坦表面实验室轮胎测试仪都包含在固定轴测功机下方以低速平移的模拟道路。试验表明，当轮胎滚动而在接触区域没有明显滑动时，力和力矩特性基本上与速度无关。在干燥表面上，测试还表明，在大范围的滑移角上，速度的影响很小。因此，本推荐实践中描述的方法特别适合于测量干燥表面条件下的力和力矩特性。J1107中对速度和表面的影响进行了更完整的讨论。

This Recommended Practice describes some basic design requirements and operational procedures associated with equipment for laboratory measurement of tire force and moment properties of the full range of passenger car tires. These properties must be known to establish the tire's contribution to vehicle dynamic performance. Many factors influence laboratory tire force and moment measurements. This Recommended Practice was compiled as a guide for equipment design and test operation so that data from different laboratories can be directly compared and applied to vehicle design and tire selection problems. It is recognized that laboratory measurements define performance in a controlled and idealized situation that may not correspond to conditions encountered in a vehicle's operating environment. Several decades of testing experience in different laboratories indicates, however, that these tests can provide a very useful bench mark for evaluation of tire performance. It is neither necessary nor practical to test under all possible conditions. There are many factors which affect the forces and moments developed by rolling tires: surface, speed, temperature, water on the surface, dynamics of the changes in tire operating conditions, driving and braking torques, etc. A discussion of the effects of many of these factors as related to tire performance and testing is given in SAE Information Report, J1107, which provides the technical basis for this Recommended Practice. This Recommended Practice is based on types of equipment and procedures that are used in several laboratories for routine tire evaluation. This limits the scope of this Recommended Practice to equipment and methodology for measuring the steady state properties of free-rolling tires. The procedures are intended to characterize the performance of the tire under operating conditions which are essentially invariant with time or which vary slowly enough so that dynamic effects are negligible (quasi-static rolling conditions). J1107 includes a discussion of some of the equipment design and methodology considerations for other kinds of force and moment tests. This Recommended Practice includes specific recommendations for space, measuring system ranges and accuracy needed to measure the force and moment properties of the full range of passenger car tires. Because the range of tire sizes to be tested by a particular laboratory may be different from the full of range passenger car tires, a discussion of the space, measuring system ranges, and accuracy in terms of load capacities and the physical sizes of the tires to be tested will be included in J1107. These alternate recommendations should be used for any test machines which are designed to test a range of tires other than the full range of passenger car tires. It must be emphasized that the experience on which this Recommended Practice is based has been primarily obtained through testing of passenger car tires. These recommendations are a set of design and procedural goals that will not be completely satisfied by most of the test equipment in use. Existing equipment can still be useful for comparison testing associated with product development. However, to insure that test results are comparable among laboratories, the equipment and procedures defined in this Recommended Practice must be followed. Tire force and moment properties are most applicable to vehicle design and provide the best guidance for tire development if testing is done on flat rigid surfaces. Most flat surface laboratory tire testers in routine use incorporate simulated roadways translated at low speeds beneath fixed-axle dynamometers. Tests have shown that the force and moment properties are essentially independent of speed when the tire rolls without appreciable sliding in the contact area. On dry surfaces, tests have also shown that the effect of speed is small over a large range of slip angles. The methods described in this Recommended Practice are accordingly particularly suited for measuring the force and moment properties for dry surface conditions. A more complete discussion of the effects of speed and surface is presented in J1107.