1.1 本规程的目的是描述一种具有代表性且可重复的样品制备方法，以对与EPA试验方法1311:毒性特征浸出程序（TCLP）一起使用的太阳能光伏（PV）组件进行毒性试验。 1.2 本规程涉及通过EPA方法1311提取和制备光伏组件样品，测试八（8）种不同的金属-汞（通过方法7470A）、砷、钡、镉、铬、铅、硒和银（通过方法6010C），以及在组件级别上分析和解释测试结果。 1.3 此做法仅适用于 (1) 标准晶体硅（c-Si）模块，带铝背场（Al）的多晶硅和单晶硅- 电池技术和 (2) 碲化镉光伏组件。 1.4 其他和更新的光伏技术和模块架构，例如，钝化发射极和后电池（PERC）、叉指背接触（IBC）、异质结技术（HJT）、多线、半切割、木瓦等，尚未使用本实践进行评估，尽管概念和实践可以很容易地扩展并应用于遵循本文中提出的概念方法的其他技术。 1.5 本实践中采用的样本提取/去除方法是喷水切割采样方法。机械切割的样品提取已得到广泛评估，但基于机械切割样品的TCLP测试结果的可变性往往远高于喷水切割样品（8%）。 2. 因此，本实践中不介绍机械切割方法。 1.6 TCLP测试只考虑光伏组件的层压区域，因为其他可能的组件零件，如铝框架、接线盒和电缆，包含已被充分记录的可回收材料，并且不特定于光伏组件。 1.7 材料重量密度（g/cm） 3. )整个层压板区域被认为是恒定的。 1.8 该实践符合三个基本要求: 1.8.1 粒度不超过EPA 1311标准允许的尺寸限制（9.5 mm）的试样， 1.8.2 本实践中用作样本的粒度与填埋处理中预期的中值粒度一致 2. 和 1.8.3 假设每个层压试样将产生100%的玻璃覆盖面积，因为一旦在垃圾填埋场中破碎，就会出现粘结密封剂层。 1.9 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.10 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 6.1 本规程的主要目标是从光伏组件中提取代表性样品，用于TCLP毒性测试，以便从独立的TCLP测试实验室获得无偏、可比较和可重复的毒性测试结果。 6.2 在美国和世界范围内，由于极端天气导致的故障、性能不佳或破损而达到寿命终止的太阳能光伏（PV）组件必须按照《资源保护和回收法案》（RCRA）条例进行回收或以其他方式安全处置[美国，《资源保护和回收法案》，公法94–5801976年10月]。对于寿命终止的光伏组件，美国环境保护局（EPA）方法1311（TCLP）用于根据模拟填埋条件下的浸出潜力对废物进行表征。 6.3 商用光伏组件包含各种金属的化合物和合金（例如，Ag、Al、Cd、Cu、Ga、In、Ni、Pb、Se、Sn、Te、Zn），用于半导体化合物和电触点。 5. 通过EPA方法1311 TCLP测试和状态协议（如适用）的模块可以在常规垃圾填埋场中处置。否则，它们被归类为危险废物，必须经过更为繁重和昂贵的处理过程。目前，没有国家或国际标准，也没有标准化协议可用于根据EPA方法1311标准从光伏组件中移除测试样品进行毒性测试。 6.4 毒性测试结果的有效性在很大程度上取决于提取样品在模块中的位置，特别是在层压区域内，以及提取样品的粒径。 因此，正确设计样品提取程序，以避免毒性试验结果有偏差或不准确，这一点至关重要。 6.5 开发和应用均匀且具有代表性的抽样标准将有助于公用事业公司和制造商限制变量的数量，并获得可重复的测试结果。

1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe a representative and repeatable sample preparation methodology to conduct toxicity testing on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules for use with EPA Test Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). 1.2 This practice refers to the extraction and preparation of PV module samples by EPA Method 1311, the testing for eight (8) distinct metals – mercury (by Method 7470A), arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and silver (by Method 6010C) as well as the analysis and interpretation of the test results on a module level. 1.3 This practice applies to only (1) standard crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, multi and mono-crystalline silicon with aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cell technology and (2) cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules. 1.4 Other and newer PV technologies and module architectures, for example, passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), interdigitated back contact (IBC), hetero-junction technology (HJT), multiwire, half cut, shingled etc., have not been evaluated with this practice, although the concept and practice can be easily extended and applied to other technologies following the conceptual approach presented in this document. 1.5 The sample extraction/removal methodology applied in this practice is the waterjet cutting sampling method. Sample extraction with mechanical cutting has been extensively evaluated but the variability of TCLP test results based on the mechanical cut samples tend to be much higher (30 %) than that of the waterjet cut samples (8 %). 2 Therefore, the mechanical cut method is not presented in this practice. 1.6 Only the laminate area of the PV module is considered for TCLP testing, as other possible module parts, such as aluminum frame, junction box and cables contain recyclable materials that are already well-documented and are not specific to the PV modules. 1.7 The material gravimetric density (g/cm 3 ) throughout the laminate area is considered constant. 1.8 This practice was developed to be consistent with three fundamental requirements: 1.8.1 Sample pieces with particle size not to exceed the allowed size limit of EPA 1311 standard which is 9.5 mm, 1.8.2 The particle size used in this practice as sample piece is consistent with the median particle size expected in landfill disposal 2 , and 1.8.3 An assumption that each laminate sample piece will result in 100 % glass coverage area, due to the presence of bonding encapsulant layers once it is broken in the landfill. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 The primary goal of this practice is to extract representative samples from PV modules for TCLP toxicity testing purposes in order to receive unbiased, comparable and repeatable toxicity test results from independent TCLP testing laboratories. 6.2 Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the United States and the world reaching end-of-life due to failure, underperformance or breakage due to extreme weather have to be recycled or otherwise safely disposed of following the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulation [United States, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Pub.L. 94–580, October 1976]. For end-of-life PV modules, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1311 (TCLP) is used for waste characterization based on leaching potential under simulated landfill conditions. 6.3 Commercial PV modules contain compounds and alloys of various metals (for example, Ag, Al, Cd, Cu, Ga, In, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Te, Zn) which are used in semiconductor compounds and electrical contacts. 5 Modules that pass the EPA Method 1311 TCLP test, and state protocols (if applicable), can be disposed of in a regular landfill. Otherwise, they are classified as hazardous waste and must go through a more onerous and expensive disposal process. Currently, there is no national or international standard, nor a standardized protocol available for removal of test samples from PV modules for toxicity testing per the EPA Method 1311 standard. 6.4 The validity of the toxicity test results heavily depends on the location of extracted samples in the module, specifically within the laminate area, and the particle size of the extracted samples. Therefore, it is critical that the sample extraction procedure be properly designed to avoid biased or otherwise inaccurate toxicity test results. 6.5 The development and application of a homogeneous and representative sampling standard will help utilities and manufacturers to limit the number of variables and to obtain repeatable test results.