用于水处理的膜应用的主要限制之一是生物污染， 这会导致膜性能下降，通常很难通过 化学清洗。为了采取预防措施，必须优化膜预处理，以 将给水的生物污染可能性降至最低。 这项研究比较了上游实施的不同预处理工艺 纳滤（NF），以及它们减少NF元素上生物污染的能力。 两个相同的一级NF膜试验装置从两种不同的水质中注入不同的水 法国的处理厂（Neuilly sur Marne和Choisy le Roi）在几次长时间的过滤测试中。 两个试验都包括一个由pH中和、20和6µm药筒制成的预处理步骤 过滤（试验4期间除外）和阻垢剂注入。紫外线消毒是通过一个中试反应器实现的，该反应器包含一个在室温下运行的低压紫外线灯 400 J/m²。在每次测试结束时，对NF螺旋缠绕模块进行尸检和分析。这个 通过ATR-FTIR光谱和表观荧光对污垢沉积物进行了表征 显微镜检查（DAPI染色检测细菌总数，碘化SYTO9丙啶检测活/死 区分、FTIC和TRITC结合凝集素，用于胞外多糖可视化）。这个 还测定了沉积物干重、润湿性、ATP和蛋白质含量。这项研究强调了预处理对控制NF膜生物污染的重要性。包括17个参考文献、表格、图表。

One of the main limitations of membrane applications for water treatment is biofouling, which causes a decrease of membrane performances and is often very difficult to remove by chemical cleanings. To act preventively, membrane pretreatment has to be optimized to minimize the biofouling potential of the feedwater. This study compares different pretreatment processes implemented upstream from nanofiltration (NF), and their ability to reduce of biofouling on NF elements. Two identical one-stage NF membrane pilots were fed different water qualities from two water treatment plants in France (Neuilly-sur-Marne and Choisy-le-Roi) during several long filtration tests. Both pilots included a pretreatment step made of pH neutralization, 20 and 6 µm cartridge filtration (except during test 4), and antiscalant injection. UV disinfection was realized by a pilot reactor containing a low pressure UV lamp operated at 400 J/m². At the end of every test, NF spiral-wound modules were autopsied and analyzed. The fouling deposit was characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and by epifluorescence microscopy (DAPI staining for total bacteria counts, SYTO9-propidium iodide for live/dead distinction, FTIC and TRITC-conjugated lectins for exopolysaccharides visualization). The deposit dry weight, wettability, ATP and proteins contents were also determined. This study highlights the importance of pretreatment to control biofouling on NF membranes. Includes 17 references, tables, figures.