1.1 本文件的目的是为在受控（例如停尸房）和半受控（例如现场）环境中捕获人类遗骸的尸体面部图像提供指南，以便于自动面部识别（FR）搜索或手动面部比较，从而有助于法医调查。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是英寸-磅单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 现有的用于在尸检时拍摄死者面部以进行识别的协议（例如，NAME法医尸检性能标准）并不总是能够捕获可用于自动FR搜索或手动面部比较的面部图像。从死者身上采集指纹并不总是可行的（例如，在灾难情况下或当死者处于深度分解状态时），射线照片（医学或牙科）比较至少需要对遗体进行推定鉴定，因此可以获得适当的比较生前射线照片以确认鉴定。如果死者的DNA或适当的家族参考DNA档案尚未存储在DNA储存库中（例如，FBI的CODIS），DNA协会还将要求死者的推定身份，以确保收集适当的样本进行比较/关联。 5.2 即使不是所有面部组件都存在，也建议遵循本指南中的指南，因为即使是不完整的面部图像也可以帮助自动FR和手动面部比较过程，尤其是通过更准确地记录面部细节。 5.3 对于面部图像捕获，存在各种死前或死后条件或两者都会降低所捕获的任何面部图像的可用性: 5.3.1 存在创伤（例如，出入口伤口、撕裂伤、瘀伤、部件缺失等）， 5.3.2 遮蔽物（例如，血液、液体、污垢、碎屑、头发、衣物配件等），以及 5.3.3 分解和其他死后变化（例如，肿胀、木乃伊化、骨骼化、昆虫或食腐动物活动的证据等）。 5.4 在试图清理或更改死者的面部图像采集之前，应遵循国家认可的标准或机构协议或两者，以确保更改不会影响法医证据收集、文件或监护链。

1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for capturing postmortem facial images of human remains in controlled (for example, morgue) and semi-controlled (for example, field) settings to facilitate automated facial recognition (FR) searches or manual facial comparisons that could contribute to forensic investigations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The protocols that exist for photographing a decedent’s face at autopsy for identification purposes (for example, NAME Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards) do not always result in the capture of facial images that can be used for automated FR searches or manual facial comparisons. It is not always feasible to collect fingerprints from decedents (for example, in disaster situations or when a decedent is in a state of advanced decomposition), and radiograph (medical or dental) comparison requires at least a presumptive identification of remains so appropriate comparative antemortem radiographs can be obtained to confirm the identification. If the decedent’s DNA or appropriate family reference DNA profiles are not already stored within a DNA repository (for example, the FBI’s CODIS), a DNA association will also require the presumptive identification of a decedent to ensure that appropriate samples are collected for comparison/association. 5.2 It is advisable to follow the guidelines presented in this guide even when not all facial components are present as even incomplete facial images can assist automated FR and manual facial comparison processes, especially through more accurate recording of minute facial details. 5.3 For the purpose of facial image capture, there are various perimortem or postmortem conditions or both that can degrade the usability of any facial images captured: 5.3.1 Presence of trauma (for example, entry/exit wounds, lacerations, bruising, missing components, etc.), 5.3.2 Obscuring matter (for example, blood, fluids, dirt, debris, hair, clothing accessories, and so forth), and 5.3.3 Decomposition and other postmortem changes (for example, bloating, mummification, skeletonization, evidence of insect or scavenger activity, etc.). 5.4 Before any attempt is made to clean or alter the decedent for facial image capture, nationally accepted standards or agency protocols or both should be followed so the alterations do not affect forensic evidence collection, documentation, or chain of custody.