1.1 本试验方法包括测定水和废水中的总碳和有机碳，包括2-20范围内的微咸水和盐水 000 mg/L。该试验方法具有以下优点:无需样品稀释即可测定浓度范围广泛，并且在不适合注射器注射的情况下，可通过船或毛细管引入含有沉积物和颗粒物的样品。 1.2 该程序仅适用于样品中可引入反应区的含碳物质。当使用注射器注射将样品引入燃烧区时，注射器针孔尺寸限制了样品中可能存在的颗粒的最大尺寸。 污泥和沉积物样品必须在使用微移管或其他适当的取样器进行采样之前进行均质，并需要将钢包引入燃烧区。 1.3 本试验方法中报告的精度和偏差信息是在协作试验中获得的，该试验包括以下类型的水:蒸馏水、去离子水、饮用水、天然水、盐水、城市和工业废水，以及油页岩干馏水。由于报告的精度和偏差信息可能不适用于所有基质的水，因此用户有责任确保本试验方法对其他基质样品的有效性。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体预防说明，请参阅 9.1 和 10.2.1 . 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 由于需要对水中和沉积物中的含碳物质进行快速可靠的测试，因此该测试方法是必要的。 5.2 它用于测定来自各种自然、家庭和工业来源的水中有机碳的浓度。通常，这些测量用于监测生活和工业废水中的有机污染物。 5.3 当样品均匀化，以确定有机和无机来源的颗粒、不混溶相和溶解碳时，测量称为总碳（TC）。 当通过去除溶解的CO消除无机碳反应时 2. 在分析或溶解CO之前 2. 从总碳浓度中减去浓度，测量结果称为总有机碳（TOC）。当在分析之前去除颗粒物和不混溶相时，如果消除了无机碳反应，则测量称为溶解碳（DC）或溶解有机碳（DOC）。 5.4 样品的均质或喷雾，或两者兼而有之，可能会导致挥发性有机物的损失，从而产生负误差。必须单独评估此类损失的程度和重要性。 如果样品中存在或可能存在大量挥发性含碳材料，则应通过总碳和无机碳浓度之间的差异来确定有机碳。当通过差分法和喷雾法测定的有机碳一致时，可以接受通过喷雾法测定类似样品的有机碳。 5.5 文献中描述了TOC与其他水质参数（如COD和BOD）的关系。 5.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total and organic carbon in water and waste water, including brackish waters and brines in the range from 2 to 20 000 mg/L. This test method has the advantages of a wide range of concentration which may be determined without sample dilution and the provision for boat or capillary introduction of samples containing sediments and particulate matter where syringe injection is inappropriate. 1.2 This procedure is applicable only to that carbonaceous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. When syringe injection is used to introduce samples into the combustion zone, the syringe needle opening size limits the maximum size of particles that can be present in samples. Sludge and sediment samples must be homogenized prior to sampling with a micropipetor or other appropriate sampler and ladle introduction into the combustion zone is required. 1.3 The precision and bias information reported in this test method was obtained in collaborative testing that included waters of the following types: distilled, deionized, potable, natural, brine, municipal and industrial waste, and water derived from oil shale retorting. Since the precision and bias information reported may not apply to waters of all matrices, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method on samples of other matrices. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 9.1 and 10.2.1 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is necessary because of the need for rapid reliable tests for carbonaceous material in waters and sediments. 5.2 It is used for determining the concentration of organic carbon in water that comes from a variety of natural, domestic, and industrial sources. Typically, these measurements are used to monitor organic pollutants in domestic and industrial waste water. 5.3 When a sample is homogenized so that particulate, immiscible phases, and dissolved carbon from both organic and inorganic sources is determined, the measurement is called total carbon (TC). When inorganic carbon response is eliminated by removing the dissolved CO 2 prior to the analysis or the dissolved CO 2 concentration subtracted from the total carbon concentration, the measurement is called total organic carbon (TOC). When particulates and immiscible phases are removed prior to analysis the measurement is called dissolved carbon (DC), or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) if inorganic carbon response has been eliminated. 5.4 Homogenizing or sparging of a sample, or both, may cause loss of volatile organics, thus yielding a negative error. The extent and significance of such losses must be evaluated on an individual basis. If significant quantities of volatile carbonaceous materials are present or may be present in samples organic carbon should be determined by the difference between the total carbon and the inorganic carbon concentrations. When organic carbon determined both by difference and by sparging agree it is acceptable to determine organic carbon by sparging for similar samples. 5.5 The relationship of TOC to other water quality parameters such as COD and BOD is described in the literature. 5