分子生物学技术在制药、研究和医院环境中的应用极大地增加了设计实验室设施以满足这项技术要求的需求。许多供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）设计师了解化学实验室的需求，其化学通风柜是设计中的控制要素，但由于设备的高显热负荷，分子生物学研究实验室的HVAC要求明显更高。这些实验室的设计还需要了解不同级别的生物安全控制和相关的新技术。 将审查不同生物安全等级（BL 1-4）的建筑和暖通空调要求。将简要解释这些实验室中使用的典型程序，以便工程师更好地理解所涉及的内容。讨论还将涉及定向气流的必要性、对“直流”空气系统的要求、前厅的使用、这些实验室中生物安全柜（BSC）的使用、高压灭菌器的排气要求、典型科学设备的热负荷、局部补充冷却的实用性，以及冗余排气和报警系统的需要。 关键词:设计、实验室、建筑物、机柜、通风、热负荷、过滤器、机械通风、危险、位置、HEPA过滤器、局部通风、排气通风、定容空调、医院、研究、制药工业、化学工业、排气罩、安全柜、细菌、病毒、健康。引用:研讨会，ASHRAE Trans。1994年，第100卷，第一部分

The use of molecular biology techniques in pharmaceutical, research and hospital settings has dramatically increased the need to design laboratory facilities to accommodate the requirements of this technology. Many heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) designers understand the needs of chemical laboratories with their chemical fume hoods being the controlling elements in the design, but the HVAC requirements for the molecular biology research laboratory are significantly greater because of the high sensible heat load of the equipment. The design of these laboratories also requires an understanding of the different levels of biosafety containment and associated new techniques. The architectural and HVAC requirements of the different biosafety levels (BL 1-4) will be reviewed. The typical procedures used in these laboratories will be briefly explained so that engineers may better understand what is involved. The discussion will also cover the necessity of directional airflow, the requirement for a "once-through" air system the use of anterooms, the use of biological safety cabinets (BSCs) in these laboratories, exhaust requirements for autoclaves, the heat loads for typical scientific equipment, the practicality of local supplemental cooling, and the need for redundant exhaust and alarm systems.KEYWORDS: designing, laboratories, buildings, cabinets, ventilation, heat load, filters, mechanical ventilation, hazards, location, HEPA filters, local ventilation, exhaust air ventilation, constant volume air conditioning, hospitals, research, pharmaceuticals industry, chemical industries, exhaust hoods, safety cabinets, bacteria, viruses, health.