1.1 本指南旨在帮助个人或团体评估使用电气方法定位已安装土工膜中泄漏的不同选择。为清楚起见，本指南使用术语“泄漏”表示已安装土工膜（定义见 3.2.6 ). 1.2 本指南不包括仅限于焊缝测试的系统，也不包括可能以非电气方式检测泄漏的系统。它不包括仅检测泄漏存在但不检测泄漏位置的系统。 1.3 ( 警告- 用于土工膜泄漏定位的电气方法可能使用高电压，导致触电或触电的可能性。由于可能在水中或附近进行作业，这种危险可能会增加。特别是，水或接地材料与接地或任何接地导体之间可能存在高压。这些程序可能非常危险，并可能导致人身伤害或死亡。用于土工膜泄漏位置的电气方法只能由合格且经验丰富的人员尝试。 必须采取适当的安全措施，以保护泄漏位置的操作员以及现场的其他人员。） 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 土工膜用作屏障，防止液体从垃圾填埋场、池塘和其他容器中泄漏。为此，希望土工膜具有尽可能少的泄漏。 4.2 这些液体可能含有污染物，如果释放，可能会对环境造成损害。泄漏的液体会侵蚀路基，造成进一步损坏。泄漏可能导致产品损失或以其他方式阻止装置实现其预期的密封目的。 4.3 土工膜通常在现场组装，或者在现场将土工膜材料的面板展开并焊接在一起，或者在现场展开柔性土工膜，或者两者的组合。 4.4 路基质量差、铺设在土工膜上的材料质量差、事故、工艺差、制造缺陷和粗心都可能导致土工膜泄漏。 4.5 经验表明，在土工膜上安装和放置材料期间，土工膜可能会发生泄漏。 4.6 电气泄漏定位方法是一种有效且经验证的质量保证措施，用于定位泄漏。此类方法已成功用于定位电绝缘土工膜（如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯磺化聚乙烯）中的泄漏，以及安装在水池、池塘、储罐、矿石和废料垫以及垃圾填埋室中的沥青土工膜。 4.7 这些技术背后的原理是在充分电绝缘的土工膜上施加电压，然后定位电流流经土工膜中泄漏的区域（如中的示意图所示） 图1 ). 其他电气泄漏路径，如管道贯穿件、法兰螺栓、钢排水管和混凝土上的板条以及其他外部电气路径，应进行电气隔离或绝缘，以防止通过这些优先电气路径的电气短路引起的泄漏信号被掩盖。 唯一的电气路径应通过土工膜中的泄漏。这些用于定位土工膜泄漏的电气检测方法可以在暴露的土工膜、覆盖水的土工膜或覆盖土料层的土工膜上进行。 图1 漏电定位方法示意图（所示为覆土材料的土工膜系统）

1.1 This guide is intended to assist individuals or groups in assessing different options available for locating leaks in installed geomembranes using electrical methods. For clarity, this guide uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6 ). 1.2 This guide does not cover systems that are restricted to seam testing only, nor does it cover systems that may detect leaks non-electrically. It does not cover systems that only detect the presence, but not the location, of leaks. 1.3 ( Warning— The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earth material and earth ground, or any grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially very dangerous, and can result in personal injury or death. The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures must be taken to protect the leak location operators as well as other people at the site.) 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical. 4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. 4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both. 4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness. 4.5 Experience demonstrates that geomembranes can have leaks caused during their installation and placement of material(s) on the geomembrane. 4.6 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to locate leaks. Such methods have been used successfully to locate leaks in electrically insulating geomembranes such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and bituminous geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, and landfill cells. 4.7 The principle behind these techniques is to place a voltage across a sufficiently electrically insulating geomembrane and then locate areas where electrical current flows through leaks in the geomembrane (as shown schematically in Fig. 1 ). Other electrical leak paths such as pipe penetrations, flange bolts, steel drains, and batten strips on concrete and other extraneous electrical paths should be electrically isolated or insulated to prevent masking of leak signals caused by electrical short-circuiting through those preferential electrical paths. The only electrical paths should be through leaks in the geomembrane. These electrical detection methods for locating leaks in geomembranes can be performed on exposed geomembranes, on geomembranes covered with water, or on geomembranes covered with an earthen material layer. FIG. 1 Schematic of the Electrical Leak Location Method (Earthen Material-Covered Geomembrane System is Shown)