卡尔加里市自来水厂用于调查铝的方法 其处理水中的残余物是本文的重点。几项监测和评估 介绍了建模方法以供考虑。研究人员使用的方法 卡尔加里市控制溶解铝很容易适应任何城市的环境 水源。 卡尔加里市自来水厂运营着两座大型常规水处理厂， 每台容量为450毫升/日（119毫克/日）。历史上，表面源的碱度 随着温度的升高，全年的水质变化很大（CaCO₃，最高可达200 mg/L） 温度范围为1°C至20°C，浊度范围为1至500 NTU，总有机碳范围为1至6 ppm。水源水的高碱度意味着发生了凝结反应 在相对较高的pH值（7.8至8.5）下，这使得在处理过的溶液中很难控制铝 水尽管铝的年平均残留量通常低于100 µg/L（加拿大操作指导值），残留量的季节性波动 夏季的铝含量在25至300微克/升之间。 处理后的水铝残留物与原水温度密切相关， 当原水温度高于15°C时，通常超过100µg/L。更高 发现铝的残留是由于硫酸铝的剂量减少 明矾提供的额外pH值降低。这些数据还说明了凝固剂是如何 从明矾改为中等碱度的聚合氯化铝（PACl） 加剧了这个问题。 进行了一个三阶段项目，以调查残余铝的控制。第一个 阶段包括审查文献和现场数据，以确定必要的pH值目标 减少铝残留。第二阶段形成了独特的特定于位点的pH值 用于预测硫酸运营成本和化学剂量的调整电子表格 或二氧化碳的添加，以及对水稳定性饱和度的预测影响 这样的指数相加。第三阶段是理论研究的发展 卡尔加里高碱度水源水的铝溶解度曲线 大规模实验。对明矾和PACl进行测试，以确定所需的pH值 为了减少铝残留，必须进行抑制。包括9个参考文献、表格、图表。

The methods that the City of Calgary Waterworks are using to investigate aluminum residuals in their treated water are the focus of this paper. Several monitoring and modeling approaches are introduced for consideration. The methods used by The City of Calgary to control dissolved aluminum can be easily adapted to any municipality's source water. The City of Calgary Waterworks operates two large conventional water treatment plants, each with 450 ML/d (119 MGD) capacity. Historically, the alkalinity of the surface source waters varied widely throughout the year (up to 200 mg/L as CaCO₃) with a temperature range of 1°C to 20°C, turbidity range of 1 to 500 NTU, and total organic carbon range of 1 to 6 ppm. The high alkalinity of the source waters meant that coagulation reactions occurred at relatively high pH (7.8 to 8.5), which made it difficult to control aluminum in the treated water. Although the annual average aluminum residuals have generally been below 100 µg/L (a Canadian operational guidance value), seasonal fluctuations in residual aluminum levels ranged from 25 to 300 µg/L in the summer months. Treated water aluminum residuals were strongly correlated with raw water temperature, and frequently exceeded 100 µg/L when the raw water was warmer than 15°C. Higher aluminum sulfate (alum) doses were found to reduce aluminum residuals due to the extra reduction in pH provided by the alum. The data also illustrated how a coagulant switch from alum to a medium-basicity polyaluminum chloride (PACl) unexpectedly exacerbated this problem. A three-phase project was conducted to investigate residual aluminum control. The first phase included a review of literature and field data to determine a pH target necessary to reduce aluminum residuals. The second phase developed a unique site-specific pH adjustment spreadsheet to predict operating costs and chemical dosages for sulfuric acid or carbon dioxide addition, as well as the predicted impact on water stability saturation index by such addition. The third phase entailed the development of theoretical aluminum solubility curves with Calgary's high alkalinity source water through bench scale experiments. Alum and PACl were tested to determine the required pH suppression necessary to minimize aluminum residuals. Includes 9 references, table, figures.