1.1 本指南提供了在启动应急或灾难支持之前、期间和之后管理应急操作中心（EOC）的一般指南。 1.2 EOC是协调响应和恢复支持的地方，但EOC也是一个产生自身需求的物理位置。为了使EOC团队有效运作，必须满足EOC作为设施的物理和组织需求。EOC管理不同于事件的运营管理。 1.3 本指南还可以作为管理较小设施（如部门运营中心（DOC））的基础，较大设施（如区域运营中心（ROC）或州运营中心（SOC））的基础，这些设施的责任范围更广，需要与其他人进行更广泛的沟通和协调。 1.4 本指南适用于固定设施，并没有专门针对临时位置的便携式或现场部署EOC、使用通信技术连接地理上分离的参与者的虚拟EOC，或根据运营连续性计划（COOP）重新定位EOC。然而，本文件中的内容将适用于这些情况。 1.5 本指南是关于EOC的系列文章中的第二篇。有关EOC开发的标准指南，请参阅指南 E2668 . 1.6 本文件包括一些特定于美利坚合众国的参考文献和术语，但可在其他地方使用。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 如果EOC团队缺乏适当的操作环境，则无法很好地协调响应和恢复支持。增加员工压力或阻碍执行基本任务的能力的操作环境最终将降低EOC团队的效率。EOC管理必须与事件管理支持同时完成，并对EOC团队透明。 EOC管理层还必须符合并支持EOC团队使用的事件管理系统（例如，根据国家事件管理系统授权在美国使用的事件指挥系统）。有效的EOC管理可以归功于良好的预先规划和相关培训。本指南为应急管理界提供了有效EOC管理的实用概念和方法。

1.1 This guide provides general guidelines for the management of an emergency operations center (EOC) prior to, during, and after activation for emergency or disaster support. 1.2 An EOC is where the coordination of response and recovery support is performed, but the EOC is also a physical location that generates its own demands. For the EOC team to perform effectively, the physical and organizational demands of the EOC as a facility must be met. EOC management is distinct from the operational management of the incident. 1.3 This guide may also serve as a foundation for management of a smaller facility such as a department operations center (DOC), larger facilities such as a regional operations center (ROC), or state operations center (SOC) with a broader area of responsibility and more extensive need to communicate and coordinate with others. 1.4 This guide applies to fixed facilities and does not specifically address portable or field-deployable EOCs at temporary locations, virtual EOCs using communications technology to link geographically separated participants, or EOC relocation under a Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP). However, elements within this document will apply to these situations. 1.5 This guide is the second in a series regarding the EOC. For the Standard Guide for EOC Development, see Guide E2668 . 1.6 This document includes some references and terminology specific to the United States of America but may be adapted for use elsewhere. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Coordination of response and recovery support cannot be performed well if the EOC team lacks an appropriate operating environment. An operating environment that increases stress in staff or hinders the ability to perform basic tasks will ultimately degrade the effectiveness of the EOC team. EOC management must be accomplished in parallel with incident management support and should be transparent to the EOC team. EOC management must also be consistent with and support the incident management system used by the EOC team (for example, the Incident Command System mandated for use in the United States under the National Incident Management System). Effective EOC management can be attributed to good preplanning and related training. This guide provides the emergency management community with practical concepts and approaches for effective EOC management.