1.1 本规程涵盖了核仪器的设置、校准和质量控制的一致标准。设置建立仪器的操作参数，例如电压或鉴别器设置。校准决定了仪器的响应特性，例如计数效率或能量响应。质量控制确保仪器的性能保持可接受的预期用途，并与校准时的性能一致。 1.2 该实践涉及四种最常用的核计数仪器:阿尔法粒子光谱仪、伽马射线光谱仪、气体比例计数器和液体闪烁计数器。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种做法与基于性能的方法相一致，其中重新校准和仪器测试的频率与持续仪器质量控制的结果相关联。在这种做法的前提下，实验室证明其仪器性能可用于分析样品测试源。 5.2 当实验室根据连续的仪器质量控制数据（即控制图和公差图）、批次QC样品（即空白、实验室控制样品、复制品、基质尖峰和其他批次QC样品，如适用）和独立参考材料证明了可接受的性能时，传统时间表- 驱动仪器的重新校准是允许的，但没有必要。 5.3 当连续的仪器QC、批次QC或独立参考材料样品结果表明仪器响应超过了既定的控制或公差限值时，需要进行仪器校准。QMS可能要求采取与受影响仪器样品分析相关的其他措施。 5.4 遵循此做法时获得的数据可能会以电子方式存储。数据保留在电子存储中，在那里可以很容易地生成绘图、图表、电子表格以及其他类型的显示和报告。QMS应规定数据存储备份的频率和性能。

1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup, calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. Setup establishes the operating parameters of the instrument—for example, voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations determine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example, its counting efficiency or energy response. Quality control ensures that the performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its intended use and consistent with the performance at the time of calibration. 1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly used types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle spectrometer, gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional counter, and liquid scintillation counter. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is consistent with a performance-based approach wherein the frequency of recalibration and instrument testing is linked to the results from continuing instrument quality control. Under the premise of this practice, a laboratory demonstrates that its instrument performance is acceptable for analyzing sample test sources. 5.2 When a laboratory demonstrates acceptable performance based on continuing instrument quality control data (that is, control charts and tolerance charts), batch QC samples (that is, blanks, laboratory control samples, replicates, matrix spikes, and other batch QC samples as may be applicable) and independent reference materials, traditional schedule-driven instrument recalibration is permissible but unnecessary. 5.3 When continuing instrument QC, batch QC, or independent reference material sample results indicate that instrument response has exceeded established control or tolerance limits, instrument calibration is required. Other actions related to sample analyses on the affected instruments may be required by the QMS. 5.4 The data obtained while following this practice will likely be stored electronically. The data remain in electronic storage, where they are readily available to produce plots, graphs, spreadsheets, and other types of displays and reports. The QMS should specify the frequency and performance of data storage backup.