1.1 本指南提出了一个框架，允许并鼓励用户在清理项目中解决可持续方面（环境、经济和社会）。用户可以实施本指南，将可持续目标纳入清理，同时在适用的监管标准内工作。 1.2 该指南提供了一个全面、一致、透明和可扩展的框架，帮助用户识别并将可持续最佳管理实践（BMP）纳入现场清理（包括评估和补救），并使用户能够在清理过程中对BMP进行测量。 看见 附录X1 例如BMP。 1.3 该指南旨在鼓励逐步将可持续要素纳入清理项目。用户选择是否单独执行BMP实现（第节） 6. )或衡量已实施BMP的益处（第 6. 和 7. ). 用户还可以选择应用指南的清理阶段。 1.4 该指南应在现有现场评估和补救过程中实施。本指南中描述的方法应与其他现有技术工具和政策一起使用，以鼓励考虑采用比传统方法更全面的清理方法，包括更广泛的清理选项和活动（NICOLE 2012） ( 1. ) ) 2. . 1.5 根据本指南实施的BMP应解决可持续性的所有三个方面:环境、经济和社会，同时确保人类健康和安全以及生态风险得到解决。实施BMP的目标是采取行动，实现现场确定的可持续目标。 1.6 3.1.17 确定可持续目标； 3.1.15.1 定义可持续方面； 5.3 提供有关核心元素的详细信息；和截面 6. 描述识别、评估、选择和实施BMP的过程。 1.7 虽然本指南特别适用于项目的清理阶段（包括评估和修复阶段），但在清理过程中作出的决定可能会影响再利用活动。 场地的预期再利用可能会影响清理活动。 1.8 本指南不得用作消除或减少保护人类健康和环境所需清理行动的理由。 1.9 本指南由以下部分组成:第 2. 参考文件，章节 3. 术语，章节 4. 意义和用途，章节 5. 规划和范围界定；部分 6. 最佳管理实践的选择和实施；部分 7. 量化BMP的现场特定结果；和截面 8. 文档 图1 使用指南是为了帮助用户导航指南。 图1 使用本指南 1.9.1 用户可以选择BMP实施部分或BMP实施和测量部分。 1.9.2 该指南的环境部分与美国环保局于2009年8月发布的《更绿色的清洁原则》保持一致 ( 2. ) . 1.9.3 在评估可持续BMP时，用户应考虑短期和长期的环境、经济和社会方面，包括潜在的负面影响，同时确保保护人类健康和环境。 1.10 该指南旨在为在清理项目中整合可持续目标提供一个总体框架。 用户可以选择考虑该指南 E2893 与本指南一起进行更绿色的清洁，以更全面地解决项目的环境因素。 1.11 在实施本指南时，用户必须遵守所有适用的联邦、州和地方法规和条例，要求或与保护人类健康和环境有关。这包括但不限于与周围社区或现场工人的健康和安全相关的法律法规。与实施本指南相关的任何行动都不应产生不可接受的人类健康或生态风险。 1. 11.1 根据OSHA法规，CERCLA和RCRA将工人安全作为健康和安全计划的一部分。 1.11.2 大多数场所都属于特定的监管计划，其中包括遵循OSHA法规的健康和安全计划规定。有关更多信息，请参阅OSHA常见问题解答 ( 3. ) . 1.11.3 对于所有现场，用户必须识别周围社区以及现场工人的潜在风险，并适当管理这些潜在风险。 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 灵活性- 用户可能希望在清理的任何或所有阶段，或任何规模的站点中，将可持续方面纳入可扩展框架。 4.1.1 为简单起见，本指南在提及任何清理阶段时使用了术语清理，例如现场评估、补救措施选择、补救措施设计和实施、补救措施优化、操作、维护和监测以及关闭。 4.1.2 本指南的实施是针对具体现场的。用户可以选择为特定类型的场地定制指南的实施，例如，UST场地、干洗店场地或特定的清理阶段。 定制可能与小型、非复杂站点组特别相关。 4.2 注意事项- 本指南中提供的信息提供了一个框架，用于评估现场清理中的可持续性方面。该指南帮助用户确定在清理项目中可能需要考虑的因素和活动，同时保护人类健康和环境。 4.3 可持续性能标准- 根据为现场确定的可持续目标，用户应实施一个或多个最佳管理实践，使每个可持续方面（环境、社会和经济）受益匪浅，见第节 6. 详细信息。用户应通过公开的文件证明这些好处。除非监管机构对清理现场采用本指南，否则实质性效益必须高于现有监管要求所实现的效益。在这种情况下，监管机构将根据其自身的法规确定哪些构成实质性利益。 4.4 透明度目标- 用户应记录在使用本指南时执行的活动和评估。需要这些文件来通过公开披露和透明度证明可持续利益。参见第节 8. 了解更多信息。 4.5 利益相关者参与- 用户应在清理过程中尽早让利益相关者参与。项目的规划和范围界定阶段应确定利益相关者的观点和价值观，并利用这些信息为决策提供信息（见指南） E2348 ). 用户应考虑包括社区在内的不同利益相关者的输入，并尽可能实施社区成员喜欢的BMP。考虑因素可能包括审查并纳入社区批准的总体规划。 4.6 消除不确定性- 专业判断、解释和一些不确定性是过程中固有的，即使是根据客观的科学原则进行的。 此外，未来还将开发新的概念和方法，将可持续目标整合到清理结果中。 4.7 并不是每一处房产都能保证对将可持续目标整合到清理中的替代方案或方法进行同等水平的评估。适当的评估水平应以清理项目的复杂性、影响程度、各种清理方案和可持续改进的相对成本和效益、清理资源的潜在限制、现场的未来使用、与现场和受影响社区相关的其他考虑因素为指导，以及监管要求。 4.8 工人健康和安全问题是现场清理决策过程中的许多考虑因素之一。如果两种方法同等保护人类健康和环境，并完全满足监管要求，则通常应首选预期能够提供更大工人安全的方法。工人健康和安全不应作为避免现场清理的理由。 4.9 为了便于使用，本指南分为多个部分。看见 图1 . 4.9.1 部分 5. 包括为用户提供的有关清理项目规划和范围界定的信息，以整合可持续目标。 4.9.2 部分 6. 该指南包括为特定站点识别、评估、选择和实施BMP的步骤。 4.9.3 部分 7. 介绍了所选BMP改进的评估和测量。 4.9.4 部分 8. 介绍有关记录在实施指南时进行的活动的信息。 4.9.5 附录包括BMP示例( 附录X1 )，示例文档表单( 附录X2 )，以及其他资源( 附录X3 ). 中的BMP列表示例 附录X1 其目的不是全面，而是作为用户的起点。随着经验的积累，该列表可能会在将来添加或修改。 鼓励用户咨询其他资源，以获取适用于站点的其他BMP。另请参见 6.2.1 . 4.10 该指南的精神和意图通过整合可持续目标来促进清洁工作的改进。 4.10.1 根据本指南与实施BMP一起制定的清理计划应满足监管清理要求和时间表。用户应只考虑不会导致不合理的清理延迟的清理方法。 4.10.2 清理计划应与合理预期的现场未来使用相一致。 4.11 用户应考虑- 现场清理的所有影响，包括清理的不利影响和对社区的后果。为了实现这一点，在清理规划期间，用户应考虑可持续的核心要素，以提供方向并帮助定义行动。 4.12 成本考虑- 与所有项目一样，成本是一个重要因素。用户有权决定如何评估和适应使用指南的财务影响（见指南） E2137 ). 评估中应考虑清理区附近人员和社区内其他人的经济福利。 用户应记录成本注意事项。参见第节 8. 有关文档的信息。 4.12.1 除使用本指南进行清理的短期和长期成本外，鼓励用户考虑长期效益和财务节约。 4.12.2 用户应考虑提高尚未出生的人的福利，以替代那些享受当今现状福利的人。传统的经济效率评估倾向于后者。（Bromley，1999） ( 7. ) . 4.12.3 适用时，用户应评估短期和长期成本，并实施适当的融资策略。 本指南下的活动可能具有更高的前期资本成本（例如安装太阳能电池板或节能绝缘），但与依赖更高年用电量的替代方案相比，与减少能源使用相关的整体长期净成本可能导致净成本显著降低。 4.12.4 本指南旨在有效利用环境和社区资源，并提高清理工作对环境和社区的短期和长期效益。本指南并非旨在证明避免监管要求或任何适用的清理标准是合理的。 4.13 监管背景- 本指南适用的监管环境包括自愿清理、根据州自愿清理计划或棕地倡议进行的棕地清理、州领导的执法清理，例如，州通过2009年《美国回收和再投资法案》支付的大多数地下储罐纠正行动、CERCLA移除和补救行动，以及RCRA要求的其他纠正措施。然而，用户应确定每个现场的监管背景，并遵守所有适用的法律、法规和指南（例如，CERCLA、RCRA、TSCA下的环境法律），包括OSHA和平行州法规和条例下的健康和安全要求。 4.13.1 当前的州和联邦清理流程已经纳入了一些更环保的清理原则或可持续目标（见NAS 2011） ( 8. ) . 本指南为感兴趣的用户扩展了对这些方面的评估和考虑。 4.13.2 本指南提供了广泛行动范围内的想法和选项，将可持续目标整合到清理的所有阶段。然而，该指南不是一个独立的文档，也没有提供完成清理过程所需的所有信息。此外，在实施本指南时，用户必须遵守所有适用的州和地方专业许可要求。 4.13.3 使用本指南并不确保符合任何监管要求。此外，用户应注意，环境监管机构不得审查或评估将本指南作为清理批准流程和监管计划的一部分而产生的任何特定方面或结果。 4.14 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。

1.1 This guide presents a framework that allows and encourages the user to address sustainable aspects (environmental, economic and social) within cleanup projects. The user may implement this guide to integrate sustainable objectives into cleanup while working within applicable regulatory criteria. 1.2 The guide provides an overarching, consistent, transparent and scalable framework that helps the user identify and incorporate sustainable best management practices (BMPs) into site cleanup (which includes assessment and remediation), and enables the user to perform measurement of BMPs during the cleanup process. See Appendix X1 for example BMPs. 1.3 The guide is intended to encourage incremental steps to incorporate sustainable elements into cleanup projects. The user chooses whether to pursue BMP implementation alone (Section 6 ) or to also measure the benefits of the implemented BMPs (Sections 6 and 7 ). The user also chooses the phases of the cleanup to which they apply the guide. 1.4 The guide should be implemented within the existing site assessment and remediation process. The approach described in this guide should be used with other existing technical tools and policy to encourage the consideration of a more holistic approach with a broader range of cleanup options and activities than traditionally employed (NICOLE 2012 ( 1 ) ) 2 . 1.5 BMPs implemented under this guide should address all three aspects of sustainability: environmental, economic and social, while assuring that human health and safety as well as ecological risks are addressed. The goal of implementing BMPs is to take actions to address the sustainable objectives identified for the site. 1.6 3.1.17 defines sustainable objectives; 3.1.15.1 defines sustainable aspects; 5.3 provides detail about core elements; and Section 6 describes a process to identify, evaluate, select, and implement BMPs. 1.7 While the guide specifically applies to the cleanup phases of a project (which includes assessment and remediation phases), decisions made in the cleanup may influence reuse activities. The anticipated reuse of the site may influence cleanup activities. 1.8 This guide may not be used as a justification for elimination or reduction of cleanup actions that are required to protect human health and the environment. 1.9 The guide is composed of the following sections: Section 2 Referenced Documents, Section 3 Terminology, Section 4 Significance and Use, Section 5 Planning and Scoping; Section 6 Selection and Implementation of best management practices (BMPs); Section 7 Quantifying Site-Specific results from BMPs; and Section 8 Documentation. Fig. 1 Using the guide is provided to assist the user in navigating the guide. FIG. 1 Using this Guide 1.9.1 The user may pursue either the BMP implementation section or both the BMP implementation and measurement sections. 1.9.2 The environmental portions of the guide align with the Greener Cleanup Principles released by USEPA in August 2009 ( 2 ) . 1.9.3 When evaluating the sustainable BMPs the user should consider the short and long-term environmental, economic and social aspects, including the potential negative impacts, while ensuring protection of human health and the environment. 1.10 The guide is intended to provide an overarching framework for integrating sustainable objectives in cleanup projects. The user may choose to consider the Guide E2893 for greener cleanups along with this guide to more fully address the environmental elements of a project. 1.11 When implementing this guide, the user must comply with all applicable federal, state, and local statutes and regulations requiring or relating to protection of human health and the environment. This includes, but is not limited to, laws and regulations relating to health and safety, of the surrounding community, or on-site workers. No action taken in connection with implementing this guide should generate unacceptable human health or ecological risks. 1.11.1 CERCLA and RCRA include worker safety as part of health and safety plans following OSHA regulations. 1.11.2 Most sites fall under specific regulatory programs that include provisions for health and safety plans following OSHA regulations. For more information see OSHA FAQ ( 3 ) . 1.11.3 For all sites, the user must identify potential risks to the surrounding community as well as to site workers and manage those potential risks appropriately. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Flexibility— Users may desire to incorporate sustainable aspects within the scalable framework throughout any or all phases of the cleanup, or any size of site. 4.1.1 For simplicity the term cleanup is used in the guide when referring to any of the cleanup phases, for example site assessment, remedy selection, remedy design and implementation, remedy optimization, operation, maintenance and monitoring, and closure. 4.1.2 Implementation of the guide is site-specific. The user may choose to customize the implementation of the guide for particular types of sites, for example, UST sites, dry cleaner sites, or particular phases of cleanup. Customization may be particularly relevant for groups of small, non-complex sites. 4.2 Considerations— The information provided in this guide provides a framework to evaluate sustainable aspects in the context of site cleanup. The guide helps users identify factors and activities they may want to consider in cleanup projects, while protecting human health and the environment. 4.3 Sustainable Performance Criterion— Based on the sustainable objectives identified for the site, users should implement one or more best management practices that substantially benefit each of the sustainable aspects (environmental, social and economic), see Section 6 for details. The user should demonstrate these benefits through publicly available documentation. Substantial benefits must be over and above those achieved by existing regulatory requirements, unless a regulatory agency adopts this guide for cleanup sites. In that case the regulatory agency will determine what constitutes substantial benefits under its own regulations. 4.4 Transparency Goal— The user should document the activities and evaluations performed while using this guide. The documentation is needed to demonstrate the sustainable benefits through public disclosure and transparency. See Section 8 for more information. 4.5 Stakeholder Involvement— The user should engage stakeholders as early as possible in the cleanup process. The planning and scoping phase of the project should identify the perspectives and values of the stakeholders and use that information to inform decision-making (see Guide E2348 ). Users should consider the input of different stakeholders, including the community, and implement BMPs favored by community members wherever possible. Consideration may include review of and integration into the community’s approved Master Plan. 4.6 Elimination of Uncertainty— Professional judgment, interpretation, and some uncertainty are inherent in the process, even when exercised in accordance with objective scientific principles. In addition, new concepts and methods for integrating sustainable objectives into cleanup results will develop in the future. 4.7 Not every property will warrant the same level of evaluation of alternatives or approaches for integrating sustainable objectives in cleanup. The appropriate level of assessment and evaluation should be guided by the complexity of the cleanup project, the extent of impacts, the relative costs and benefits of various cleanup options and sustainable improvements, the potential limitation of resources for the cleanup, the future use of the site, other considerations associated with the site and affected community, and the regulatory requirements. 4.8 Worker health and safety issues are one of many considerations in the site cleanup decision-making process. If two approaches are equally protective of human health and the environment and fully meet regulatory requirements, then the one that is expected to provide greater worker safety should generally be preferred. Worker health and safety should not be used as a rationale for avoiding cleanup at sites. 4.9 The guide is divided into various sections for ease of use. See Fig. 1 . 4.9.1 Section 5 includes information for the user about planning and scoping of the cleanup project to integrate sustainable objectives. 4.9.2 Section 6 of the guide includes steps to identify, evaluate, select and implement BMPs for a particular site. 4.9.3 Section 7 presents the evaluation and measurement of improvements for selected BMPs. 4.9.4 Section 8 presents information about documenting the activities conducted while implementing the guide. 4.9.5 Appendices include example BMPs ( Appendix X1 ), example documentation forms ( Appendix X2 ), and Additional Resources ( Appendix X3 ). The example BMP list in Appendix X1 is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to serve as a starting point for the user. This list may be added to or modified in the future as more experience is gained. The user is encouraged to consult other resources for additional BMPs that may be appropriate for a site. See also 6.2.1 . 4.10 The spirit and intent of the guide promotes improvements in cleanup through integration of sustainable objectives. 4.10.1 A cleanup program, developed in conjunction with implementing BMPs following this guide, should fulfill regulatory cleanup requirements and timelines. The user should consider only cleanup approaches that will not result in unreasonable delay of cleanup. 4.10.2 The cleanup program should be consistent with reasonably anticipated future use of the site. 4.11 The user should consider the over-all affect of site cleanup in a holistic manner, including the adverse impacts of the cleanup and the consequences for the community. In order to accomplish this, during cleanup planning, the user should consider the sustainable core elements to provide direction and help define actions. 4.12 Cost Considerations— As with all projects, costs are an important factor. It is the prerogative of the user to determine how to evaluate and accommodate the financial implications of using the guide (see Guide E2137 ). The economic well-being of persons neighboring a cleanup and others within the community should be considered in the evaluation. The user should document the cost considerations. See Section 8 for information about documentation. 4.12.1 The user is encouraged to consider long-term benefits and financial savings in addition to short- and long-term costs associated with cleanups performed using this guide. 4.12.2 The user should consider advancing the benefits of persons not yet born as an alternative to those who enjoy current day, status quo benefits. Conventional economic efficiency assessment favors the latter persons. (Bromley, 1999) ( 7 ) . 4.12.3 The user, when applicable, should evaluate short-term and long-term costs and implement appropriate financing strategies. An activity under this guide may have higher up-front capital costs (for example installation of solar panels or energy efficient insulation) but the overall long-term net costs associated with reduced energy use may result in a significantly less net cost compared to an alternative which relies on higher annual energy use. 4.12.4 This guide is intended to use environmental and community resources efficiently and to increase the short- and long-term benefits of a cleanup to its environment and community. This guide is not intended to justify the avoidance of regulatory requirements or any applicable cleanup standards. 4.13 Regulatory Context— Regulatory contexts where this guide is applicable include voluntary cleanups, brownfields cleanups performed in compliance with state voluntary cleanup programs, or brownfield initiatives, state-led enforcement cleanups, for example, most underground storage tank corrective actions by states paid through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, CERCLA removal and remedial actions, and other corrective actions required under RCRA. Users should, however, determine the regulatory context for each site and comply with all applicable laws, regulations and guidance (for example, environmental laws under CERCLA, RCRA, TSCA), including health and safety requirements under the OSHA and parallel state statutes and regulations. 4.13.1 Current state and federal cleanup processes already incorporate some greener cleanup principles or sustainable objectives (see NAS 2011) ( 8 ) . This guide expands the evaluation and consideration of these aspects for interested users. 4.13.2 This guide provides ideas and options within a broad range of actions that integrate sustainable objectives throughout all phases of the cleanup. The guide is not, however, a stand-alone document and does not provide all the information needed to complete the cleanup process. In addition, when implementing this guide, the user must comply with all applicable state and local professional licensing requirements. 4.13.3 The use of this guide does not ensure compliance with any regulatory requirements. Additionally, users are cautioned that environmental regulators may not review or evaluate any particular aspect or results from using this guide as part of the cleanup approval process and the regulatory program. 4.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.