本文件提供了一种方法，可用于估算土壤样本中存在的α和β辐射源的总放射性。它基本上适用于基于比较测量的系统检查或初步现场研究，以指导测试人员优先选择测量土壤样品和具体的分析方法。 总α或β放射性通常不同于现有放射性核素的有效放射性之和，因为按照惯例，所有α排放均指定相同的α计数效率，所有β排放均指定相同的β计数效率。 土壤包括来自基岩和矿石的岩石，以及使用天然放射性材料（NORM）或涉及技术增强天然放射性材料（TENORM）的工艺过程的建筑材料和产品、陶器等，例如，矿砂的开采和加工或磷肥的生产和使用。 本文件中描述的试验方法也可用于评估污泥、沉积物、建筑材料和产品中的α-和β-发射器的总放射性，并遵循适当的取样程序[2][3][4][5][7][8]。 为简化起见，本文件中使用的术语“土壤”涵盖了上述元素集。

This document provides a method that allows an estimation of gross radioactivity of alpha- and beta-emitters present in soil samples. It applies, essentially, to systematic inspections based on comparative measurements or to preliminary site studies to guide the testing staff both in the choice of soil samples for measurement as a priority and in the specific analysis methods for implementation. The gross α or β radioactivity is generally different from the sum of the effective radioactivities of the radionuclides present since, by convention, the same alpha counting efficiency is assigned for all the alpha emissions and the same beta counting efficiency is assigned for all the beta emissions. Soil includes rock from bedrock and ore as well as construction materials and products, potery, etc. using naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) or those from technological processes involving Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM), e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizer production and use. The test methods described in this document can also be used to assess gross radioactivity of alpha- and beta-emitters in sludge, sediment, construction material and products following proper sampling procedure[2][3][4][5][7][8]. For simplification, the term "soil" used in this document covers the set of elements mentioned above.