反渗透和纳滤设施的工艺设计方法类似。虽然NF工厂基本上是低压反渗透，但其范围往往略有不同，在一些人看来，NF工厂为设计创意提供了更大的机会。本文件涵盖了与以下方面相关的一些基本规则:设计基础（给水质量、装置和机组容量、混合、装置类型和回收率）；以及操作特性的选择（膜通量、系统压力和膜组件）。在开发了大量方程式和经验法则来进行手动计算，以预测和确认膜系统工艺参数之后，毫无疑问，可以从多家膜制造商处获得计算机软件，包括液压、流体系统、陶氏、TriSep和其他公司，这将是一种解脱。本文的结论部分简要回顾了各制造商的软件。

The approach to process design is similar for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration facilities. Although basically a low pressure version of RO, NF plants tend to be slightly different in scope, and in the opinion of some, offer a somewhat greater opportunity for design creativity. This paper covers certain ground rules pertaining to: basis of design (feed water quality, plant and train capacity and blending, type of plant, and recovery); and selection of operating characteristics (membrane flux, system pressure, and membrane assemblies). Having developed a number of equations and rules of thumb to perform hand calculations to predict and confirm membrane system process parameters, it will no doubt come as a relief that computer software is available from several membrane manufacturers, including Hydranautics, Fluid Systems, Dow, TriSep, and others. The concluding section of the paper offers brief reviews of each manufacturer's software.